Behavior and modeling of two-dimensional precedence effect in head-unrestrained cats.
Behavior and modeling of two-dimensional precedence effect in head-unrestrained cats.
复制标题
头部不受约束的猫的二维优先效应的行为和建模。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.00214.2015
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Yin,TomCT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gai,Yan;Ruhland,JanetL;Yin,TomCT
优先效应（PE）是一种听觉错觉，当听众从不同的空间位置定位几乎一致和相似的声音时，就会发生这种错觉，比如直接的声音和它的回声。它主要是在人类和动物身上进行的研究，这些动物的头部在水平面上不活动；说话人对通常对称地位于前额半球。本研究在水平、垂直和对角线轴上检测了不受头部约束的猫在各种成对声音条件下的PE。猫接受了操作性条件反射训练，将它们的目光指向感知到的声音位置。当刺激物间延迟发生变化时，以方位角或对角线放置在额叶半球的说话人组观察到典型的pe样行为。对于正中矢状面的说话人对，没有明显的pe样行为发生。有趣的是，当扬声器被放置在猫的对角线上时，某些类似pe的行为在垂直方向上出现了。然而，当两个说话者都位于左半球时，没有观察到类似pe的行为。采用霍奇金-赫胥黎模型模拟中上橄榄（MSO）神经元对方位声音对的反应。这种新颖的模拟结合了低阈值钾电流和频率不匹配来产生内部延迟。该模型表现出明显的pe样行为，如求和定位和定位优势。模拟结果表明，在信息到达下丘之前，PE可能已经进行了一定的编码，双耳输入特征频率不匹配的MSO神经元可能起重要作用。
The precedence effect (PE) is an auditory illusion that occurs when listeners localize nearly coincident and similar sounds from different spatial locations, such as a direct sound and its echo. It has mostly been studied in humans and animals with immobile heads in the horizontal plane; speaker pairs were often symmetrically located in the frontal hemifield. The present study examined the PE in head-unrestrained cats for a variety of paired-sound conditions along the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal axes. Cats were trained with operant conditioning to direct their gaze to the perceived sound location. Stereotypical PE-like behaviors were observed for speaker pairs placed in azimuth or diagonally in the frontal hemifield as the interstimulus delay was varied. For speaker pairs in the median sagittal plane, no clear PE-like behavior occurred. Interestingly, when speakers were placed diagonally in front of the cat, certain PE-like behavior emerged along the vertical dimension. However, PE-like behavior was not observed when both speakers were located in the left hemifield. A Hodgkin-Huxley model was used to simulate responses of neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) to sound pairs in azimuth. The novel simulation incorporated a low-threshold potassium current and frequency mismatches to generate internal delays. The model exhibited distinct PE-like behavior, such as summing localization and localization dominance. The simulation indicated that certain encoding of the PE could have occurred before information reaches the inferior colliculus, and MSO neurons with binaural inputs having mismatched characteristic frequencies may play an important role.