Effects of water quality on infiltration, runoff and interrill erosion processes during simulated rainfall
Effects of water quality on infiltration, runoff and interrill erosion processes during simulated rainfall
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DOI：
10.1002/1096-9837(200103)26:3
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发表时间：
2001-03
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
L. Borselli;D. Torri;J. Poesen;P. S. Sanchis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Borselli;D. Torri;J. Poesen;P. S. Sanchis
本文讨论了在模拟降雨试验中，水质对非盐碱化土壤的水文和侵蚀响应的影响。众所周知，雨水水质会影响盐碱地的行为。特别是，如果要找到入渗率和土壤侵蚀的真实值，就不能用自来水进行降雨模拟实验。本文报道了非盐碱、非碱化土壤的类似效应。选择了两种土壤--在海洋粉质粘土沉积上发育的富含粘土的良好集合体土壤和在粉质壤土上发育的土壤--用脱盐水和自来水进行了一系列模拟暴雨试验。实验在两个不同的实验室进行，以获得与自来水水质或降雨模拟器特性无关的结果。结果表明，富含溶质的水(自来水)在很大程度上推迟了蓄水时间。当使用自来水时，渗透率被大大高估，即超过100%。当使用脱盐水时，细沟间侵蚀速率增加了2.5-3倍。在入渗和产流方面，粉质粘性土比粉壤土受水质的影响更大。在细沟间侵蚀率方面，两个受试土壤受水质的影响相似。因此，可以得出结论，对于非分散土壤(例如非盐分、非苏打)的降雨模拟实验，也必须使用电导率非常低(即小于30-50微米S厘米−1)的水，接近蒸馏水的电导率。使用自来水肯定会妨碍不同土壤的水文和侵蚀反应的比较和相对排名，而参数值，如最终入渗率或蓄水时间，不能外推并扩展到自然情况。因此，过去在降雨模拟过程中测量的大多数水文和侵蚀模型和参数值在所有类型的土壤中都应谨慎使用。版权所有©2001 John Wiley&Sons，Ltd.
This paper discusses the effects of water quality on the hydrological and erosion response of non-saline, non-sodic soils during simulated rain experiments. It is well known that rain water quality affects the behaviour of saline soils. In particular, rain simulation experiments cannot be run using tap water if realistic values of infiltration rates and soil erosion are to be found. This paper reports on similar effects for non-saline, non-sodic soils. Two soils – a well-aggregated clay-rich soil developed on marine silty clay deposits and a soil developed on silt loam – were selected and subjected to a series of simulated rainstorms using demineralized water and tap water. The experiments were conducted in two different laboratories in order to obtain results independent of the tap water quality or the rainfall simulator characteristics. The results indicate that time-to-ponding is largely delayed by solute-rich water (tap water). When tap water is used, infiltration rates are significantly overestimated, i.e. by more than 100 per cent. Interrill erosion rates increase by a factor of 2·5–3 when demineralized water is used. The silty clay soil was more affected by the water quality than the silt loam soil, with respect to infiltration and runoff production. Regarding interrill erosion rates, the two tested soils were similarly affected by the water quality. Therefore, it can be concluded that rainfall simulation experiments with non-dispersive soils (e.g. non-saline, non-sodic) must also be conducted using water with very low electrical conductivity (i.e. less than 30–50 µS cm−1), close to that of distilled water. The use of tap water certainly hampers comparisons and the relative ranking of the hydrological and erosion response of different soils, while parameter values, such as final infiltration rate or time-to-ponding, cannot be extrapolated and extended to natural situations. Therefore, the majority of hydrological and erosion models and parameter values measured during rainfall simulations in the past should be used with caution for all types of soils. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.