THE ENERGETICS OF FREE-LIVING LITTLE PENGUINS EUDYPTULA-MINOR (SPHENISCIDAE), DURING MOLT
THE ENERGETICS OF FREE-LIVING LITTLE PENGUINS EUDYPTULA-MINOR (SPHENISCIDAE), DURING MOLT
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DOI：
10.1071/zo9880159
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发表时间：
1988-01-01
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
STAHEL, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GALES, R;GREEN, B;STAHEL, C
在塔斯马尼亚，在换羽前和换羽过程中，测量了换羽小企鹅的循环甘油三酯和胆固醇水平。蜕皮开始时的水平与种禽相似，但在蜕皮期间增加了2.5倍（甘油三酯）和1.8倍（胆固醇）。用氚水和双标记水测定了整个换羽期的水通量和田间代谢率。TBW范围从54至70%体重，并在换羽期间增加。水流入率与体重变化率显著相关。换羽期小企鹅的平均FMR为657 kJ·kg ~（-1）·d ~（-1），是基础代谢率的1.5倍，无性别和地点差异。换羽后立即觅食的鸟类的水流入率是换羽鸟类的11倍。维持一只正在换羽的小企鹅所需的能量比一只休息、不换羽的企鹅高出15%。虽然换羽的成本高于基础代谢率，但主要的能量消耗是在换羽前觅食期间，此时鸟类必须消耗足够的食物，以确保它们储备足够的脂肪来维持换羽。
Levels of circulating triglycerides and cholesterol in moulting little penguins in Tasmania were measured before, and throughout the moult. Levels at the initiation of moult were similar to those in breeding birds but increased by 2.5 times (triglycerides) and 1.8 times (cholesterol) during the moult. Water flux rates and field metabolic rate (FMR) were measured throughout moult with tritiated and doubly labelled water. TBW ranged from 54 to 70% body weight and increased during moult. Water influx rates were significantly correlated with rate of weight change. Mean FMR of moulting little penguins ws 657 kJ kg-1 day-1, or 1.5 times basal metabolic rate (BMR), and there ws no difference between sites or sexes. The water influx rates of birds foraging immeditely after moult were 11 times higher than in moulting birds. The energy required to sustain a moulting little penguin is 15% higher than that required for a resting, non-moulting penguin. Although the cost of moult is elevated above BMR, the main energetic expense is met during the pre-moult foraging period when birds must consume enough food to ensure that they lay down sufficient fat reserves to sustain the moult.