Dexamethasone and BCAA Failed to Modulate Muscle Mass and mTOR Signaling in GH-Deficient Rats.

Dexamethasone and BCAA Failed to Modulate Muscle Mass and mTOR Signaling in GH-Deficient Rats.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0128805
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Okimura Y
Okimura Y
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nishida H;Ikegami A;Kaneko C;Kakuma H;Nishi H;Tanaka N;Aoyama M;Usami M;Okimura Y

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支链氨基酸 (BCAA) 和 IGF-I 的分泌受到生长激素 (GH) 的刺激,可防止肌肉萎缩。 mTOR 在 BCAA 和 IGF-1 的保护作用中发挥着关键作用。 BCAA 激活 mTOR 的途径与 IGF-1 不同,这表明 BCAA 和 GH 独立发挥作用。我们尝试使用 GH 缺乏的自发侏儒大鼠 (SDR) 来检查 BCAA 是否对地塞米松 (Dex) 诱导的肌肉萎缩发挥保护作用,而与 GH 无关。出乎意料的是,通过测量肌纤维横截面积(CSA)评估,Dex 不会诱导肌肉萎缩,也不会增加 atrogin-1、MuRF1 和 REDD1 的表达,这些蛋白在蛋白质降解过程中被激活。与 GH 处理的 SDR 相比,SDR 中糖皮质激素 (GR) mRNA 水平较高,表明 GR 的低表达并不是 Dex 在 SDR 中作用缺陷的原因。 BCAA 不会刺激 p70S6K 或 4E-BP1 的磷酸化,从而刺激蛋白质合成。 BCAA 不会降低 atrogin-1 或 MuRF1 的 mRNA 水平。这些发现表明,Dex 无法调节肌肉质量,并且 BCAA 无法激活 SDR 中的 mTOR,因为 p70S6K 和 4E-BP1 的磷酸化以及这些 mRNA 的减少受到 mTOR 的调节。相反,补充 GH 后,这些对 Dex 的反应正常化,并且 Dex 减少了肌纤维 CSA。支链氨基酸 (BCAA) 可以防止 Dex 引起的 CSA 下降。 BCAA 增加 p70S6K 的磷酸化,并降低 Dex 诱导的 atrogin-1 和 Bnip3 mRNA 的升高。然而,与正常大鼠相比,SDR 中 mTORC1 成分(包括 mTOR)的量并未减少。这些发现表明,GH 会增加 mTORC1 活性,但不会增加其含量以恢复 SDR 中 BCAA 的作用,而且 GH 是肌肉中 Dex 和 BCAA 作用所必需的。
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and IGF-I, the secretion of which is stimulated by growth hormone (GH), prevent muscle atrophy. mTOR plays a pivotal role in the protective actions of BCAA and IGF-1. The pathway by which BCAA activates mTOR is different from that of IGF-1, which suggests that BCAA and GH work independently. We tried to examine whether BCAA exerts a protective effect against dexamethasone (Dex)-induced muscle atrophy independently of GH using GH-deficient spontaneous dwarf rats (SDRs). Unexpectedly, Dex did not induce muscle atrophy assessed by the measurement of cross-sectional area (CSA) of the muscle fibers and did not increase atrogin-1, MuRF1 and REDD1 expressions, which are activated during protein degradation. Glucocorticoid (GR) mRNA levels were higher in SDRs compared to GH-treated SDRs, indicating that the low expression of GR is not the reason of the defect of Dex’s action in SDRs. BCAA did not stimulate the phosphorylation of p70S6K or 4E-BP1, which stimulate protein synthesis. BCAA did not decrease the mRNA level of atrogin-1 or MuRF1. These findings suggested that Dex failed to modulate muscle mass and that BCAA was unable to activate mTOR in SDRs because these phosphorylations of p70S6K and 4E-BP1 and the reductions of these mRNAs are regulated by mTOR. In contrast, after GH supplementation, these responses to Dex were normalized and muscle fiber CSA was decreased by Dex. BCAA prevented the Dex-induced decrease in CSA. BCAA increased the phosphorylation of p70S6K and decreased the Dex-induced elevations of atrogin-1 and Bnip3 mRNAs. However, the amount of mTORC1 components including mTOR was not decreased in the SDRs compared to the normal rats. These findings suggest that GH increases mTORC1 activity but not its content to recover the action of BCAA in SDRs and that GH is required for actions of Dex and BCAA in muscles.
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