Active gels as a description of the actin-myosin cytoskeleton
Active gels as a description of the actin-myosin cytoskeleton
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DOI：
10.2976/1.3054712
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Prost, Jacques
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Joanny, Jean-Francois;Prost, Jacques
本文对活性极性凝胶的流体力学理论及其在细胞骨架力学中的应用进行了定性的介绍。活性极性凝胶是由极性细丝通过不断消耗能量保持在非平衡状态而形成的粘弹性材料。在真核细胞的细胞骨架中，肌动蛋白细丝在三磷酸腺苷的水解作用下与肌球蛋白分子马达相互作用形成粘弹性凝胶，因此可以认为肌动蛋白细胞骨架是一种活性的极性凝胶。流体动力学描述是通用的，因为它只依赖于对称性变元。我们首先用流体力学的方法讨论了活性极化膜中流动的自发产生。然后，我们给出了两个应用于片层运动和皮质肌动蛋白不稳定性的例子。[DOI：10.2976/1.3054712]
This short review presents a qualitative introduction to the hydrodynamic theory of active polar gels and its applications to the mechanics of the cytoskeleton. Active polar gels are viscoelastic materials formed by polar filaments maintained in a nonequilibrium state by constant consumption of energy. In the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells, actin filaments are treadmilling and form a viscoelastic gel interacting with myosin molecular motors driven by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate; one can thus consider the actomyosin cytoskeleton as an active polar gel. The hydrodynamic description is generic as it only relies on symmetry arguments. We first use the hydrodynamic approach to discuss the spontaneous generation of flow in an active polar film. Then we give two examples of applications to lamellipodium motility and to instabilities of cortical actin. [DOI: 10.2976/1.3054712]