Mortality in Swedish dairy calves and replacement heifers
Mortality in Swedish dairy calves and replacement heifers
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DOI：
10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72526-7
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Olsson, S. -O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Svensson, C.;Linder, A.;Olsson, S. -O.
从1998年1月至2000年12月，对1998年至2000年在瑞典西南部122个奶牛群中出生的8,964头小母牛的死亡率进行了监测。要求养殖户将从1日龄至首次产犊死亡的动物的尸体送去尸检。使用Kaplan-Meier曲线研究死亡率的年龄和季节模式。中位死亡风险为2.1%。总的来说，3.1%的动物在90日龄前死亡，0.9%在91 - 210日龄之间死亡，2.2%在211-第一次产犊或810日龄（27月龄）之间死亡。死亡的中位年龄为50 d，在出生后第一周死亡的风险最高。在421只死亡动物中，236只（56%）接受了尸检或根据农民提供的信息被诊断为死于创伤。总的来说，肺炎是最常见的死亡原因（27%）。然而，在小于31日龄的小牛，肠炎是最常见的死亡原因;在年轻的股票211至450日龄，创伤为主;和年轻的股票超过450日龄，创伤和产犊相关疾病占大多数的死亡率。1月至3月和6月的死亡率最高。Kaplan-Meier曲线表明，在小组围栏中圈养与最低死亡率相关（其他圈养系统为单围栏和带自动牛奶喂食器的大组围栏），但相关性不显著。
The mortality of 8,964 heifer calves born in 122 dairy herds in southwest Sweden in 1998 to 2000 was monitored from January 1998 until December 2000. Farmers were requested to send carcasses for necropsy from animals that died from 1 d of age to first calving. Age and seasonal patterns of mortality were investigated using Kaplan-Meier curves. The median herd-level mortality risk was 2.1%. In total, 3.1% of the animals died before 90 d of age, 0.9% between d 91 and 210, and 2.2% between d 211 and first calving or d 810 (27 mo of age). The median age at death was 50 d and the risk of dying was highest during the first week of life. Of the 421 dead animals, 236 (56%) were subjected to either postmortem examination or were diagnosed as having died from trauma based on information from the farmers. In total, pneumonia was the most common cause of death (27%). However, in calves less than 31 d old, enteritis was the most common cause of death; in young stock 211 to 450 d old, trauma dominated; and in young stock more than 450 d old, trauma and calving-related diseases accounted for a majority of the mortality. The largest proportion of deaths was observed from January to March, and in June. Kaplan-Meier curves suggested that housing in small-group pens was associated with the lowest mortality (other housing systems were single pens and large-group pens with automatic milk feeders), but the association was not significant.