Genomic selection strategies for breeding adaptation and production in dairy cattle under climate change.
Genomic selection strategies for breeding adaptation and production in dairy cattle under climate change.
复制标题
气候变化下奶牛育种适应和生产的基因组选择策略。
DOI：
10.1038/s41437-019-0207-1
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Strandén I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Strandén I
畜牧业生产既促进全球气候变化，又受其影响，需要进行重大调整，以提高其气候适应能力。在这种情况下，对主要商业牲畜品种的依赖，其特点是有效种群规模小，使目前的生产战略脆弱，如果他们的生产受到环境的限制，这可能是太昂贵，在未来的气候情景下支持。因此，动物种群对未来环境的适应性将变得重要。为了帮助评估遗传学在气候适应中的作用，我们使用育种模拟比较了奶牛的选择策略，其中基因组选择用于生产（假设为中度遗传）和适应（假设具有低遗传力）的两个负相关性状。与群体内育种相比，基因组渐渗对生产性状和适应性状产生了更积极的遗传变化。当适应性状的选择权重低于生产性状时，从高度适应但低产值的群体基因组渐渗到高产但低适应群体是最成功的。当适应性状的选择权重大于生产性状时，高产群体向高适应群体的基因组渐渗最成功。这两种基因组渐渗方案具有最低的近亲繁殖风险。我们的研究结果表明，适应和生产可以同时提高基因组渗入。
Livestock production both contributes to and is affected by global climate change, and substantial modifications will be required to increase its climate resilience. In this context, reliance on dominant commercial livestock breeds, featuring small effective population sizes, makes current production strategies vulnerable if their production is restricted to environments, which may be too costly to support under future climate scenarios. The adaptability of animal populations to future environments will therefore become important. To help evaluate the role of genetics in climate adaptation, we compared selection strategies in dairy cattle using breeding simulations, where genomic selection was used on two negatively correlated traits for production (assumed to be moderately heritable) and adaptation (assumed to have low heritability). Compared with within-population breeding, genomic introgression produced a more positive genetic change for both production and adaptation traits. Genomic introgression from highly adapted but low production value populations into highly productive but low adaptation populations was most successful when the adaptation trait was given a lower selection weight than the production trait. Genomic introgression from highly productive population to highly adapted population was most successful when the adaptation trait was given a higher selection weight than the production trait. Both these genomic introgression schemes had the lowest risk of inbreeding. Our results suggest that both adaptation and production can potentially be improved simultaneously by genomic introgression.