Lexical competition in young children's word learning
Lexical competition in young children's word learning
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cogpsych.2006.05.001
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Aslin, Richard N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Swingley, Daniel;Aslin, Richard N.
在两项实验中，1.5 岁的孩子被教授新单词，其声音模式在语音上与熟悉的单词（新邻居）相似或不同（新邻居）。使用图片固定任务测试学习情况。在这两个实验中，孩子们都学到了新的非邻居，但没有学到新的邻居。此外，接触新邻居会损害对熟悉邻居的识别能力。最后，孩子们不会自发地利用语音差异来推断一个新词指的是一个新物体。因此，词汇竞争——言语理解中单词之间的抑制性相互作用——可以阻止儿童充分利用其语音敏感性来判断单词是否新颖。这些结果表明，幼儿的单词学习与成人一样，不仅依赖于语音类别的辨别和识别，还依赖于评估话语传达新单词的可能性。 (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
In two experiments, 1.5-year-olds were taught novel words whose sound patterns were phonologically similar to familiar words (novel neighbors) or were not (novel nonneighbors). Learning was tested using a picture-fixation task. In both experiments, children learned the novel nonneighbors but not the novel neighbors. In addition, exposure to the novel neighbors impaired recognition performance on familiar neighbors. Finally, children did not spontaneously use phonological differences to infer that a novel word referred to a novel object. Thus, lexical competition-inhibitory interaction among words in speech comprehension-can prevent children from using their full phonological sensitivity in judging words as novel. These results suggest that word learning in young children, as in adults, relies not only on the discrimination and identification of phonetic categories, but also on evaluating the likelihood that an utterance conveys a new word. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.