Age Invariance in Feeling of Knowing During Implicit Interference Effects
Age Invariance in Feeling of Knowing During Implicit Interference Effects
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbr150
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Hertzog, Christopher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eakin, Deborah K.;Hertzog, Christopher
目标.先前的研究发现，学习准确性的延迟判断的准确性存在年龄不变性（Eakin，D。K.，& Hertzog，C. [2006年]。从记忆和元记忆的内隐干扰中释放出来：老年人知道他们不能放手。The Journals of Gerontology，Series B：Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences，61，340 - 347）.我们测试了在内隐干扰下，年龄是否会影响认知感（FOK）预测的准确性。在文献中的分歧表明，FOK有时是，有时不受老化的影响。此外，由于内隐干扰对再认的影响不同于对回忆的影响，老年人可能很难忽略干扰对回忆的影响，以便准确预测干扰对再认的影响。年轻人和老年人研究线索目标对和线索集大小不同。在线索回忆测试后，被试对给定线索的目标进行关于未来再认的FOK，然后进行再认测试。无论是年轻人还是老年人都无法预测对未回忆起的项目的识别。FOK与回忆的相关性大于与两个年龄组的识别的相关性。虽然回忆和识别都随年龄而变化，但FOK准确率没有年龄差异。FOK的准确性并没有随着年龄的增长而受损，即使是记忆。年轻人和老年人的FOK都反映了回忆中的内隐干扰效应，而不是识别。
Objectives. Prior research found age invariance in accuracy of delayed judgments of learning accuracy (Eakin, D. K., & Hertzog, C. [2006]. Release from implicit interference in memory and metamemory: Older adults know that they can't let go. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61, 340-347). We tested whether aging affects accuracy of feeling of knowing (FOK) predictions under implicit interference. Discrepancies in the literature suggest that FOKs sometimes are and sometimes are not affected by aging. In addition, because the effects of implicit interference are different on recognition than on recall, older adults may have difficulty ignoring the impact of interference on recall in order to accurately predict the lack of interference effects on recognition.Method. Younger and older adults studied cue-target pairs and cue set size varied. After a cued recall test, they made FOKs about future recognition of the target given the cue and then took a recognition test.Results. Neither younger nor older adults were able to predict recognition of unrecalled items. FOKs were more correlated with recall than with recognition for both age groups. Although both recall and recognition varied with age, no age differences were obtained in FOK accuracy.Discussion. FOK accuracy was not impaired with age, even when memory was. FOKs of both younger and older adults reflected implicit interference effects in recall, not recognition.