A systematic review of zoonotic enteric parasitic diseases among nomadic and pastoral people.
A systematic review of zoonotic enteric parasitic diseases among nomadic and pastoral people.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0188809
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gray GC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barnes AN;Davaasuren A;Baasandagva U;Gray GC
人畜共患肠道寄生虫无处不在，由于我们与家畜和野生动物的关系密切，水、卫生设施不足，以及卫生做法和饮食不足，因此仍对人类的公共健康构成威胁。虽然大多数社区现在都是久坐不动的，但游牧和游牧人口仍然存在，并面临着感染人畜共患肠道寄生虫的独特风险。通过这一系统的回顾，我们试图总结已发表的关于游牧人口中存在的病原体的研究，并确定其感染的危险因素。使用PRISMA提出的系统审查指南，根据游牧或牧区人口中有记录的人畜共患肠道寄生虫的排除标准，确定、筛选和总结研究文章。对1956至2016年间发表的54篇文章进行了审查，以确定与全球运输生活方式相关的病原体和暴露风险。纳入的文章报告了20多种不同的人畜共患肠道寄生虫，并说明了游牧和牧民感染的几个风险因素，包括：a)动物接触，b)食物制备和饮食，c)家庭特征。研究中最常见的寄生虫是包虫病。与狗的接触被认为是人畜共患肠道寄生虫的主要风险因素，其次是接触牲畜和/或野生动物、水、卫生设施和个人卫生障碍、家畜屠宰、环境水暴露、家庭成员年龄和性别、以及食用未经清洗的产品或生、未加工或未煮熟的牛奶或肉类。由于生活环境、文化和饮食传统以及与动物的密切关系，游牧和游牧社区面临感染各种人畜共患肠道寄生虫的风险。旨在减少这些动物传人病原体传播的全球卫生努力必须纳入同一健康方法，以支持水、卫生和个人卫生的发展，提供关于安全食品处理和制备的教育，并改善与这些群体相关的家畜，特别是狗的健康。
Zoonotic enteric parasites are ubiquitous and remain a public health threat to humans due to our close relationship with domestic animals and wildlife, inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene practices and diet. While most communities are now sedentary, nomadic and pastoral populations still exist and experience unique exposure risks for acquiring zoonotic enteric parasites. Through this systematic review we sought to summarize published research regarding pathogens present in nomadic populations and to identify the risk factors for their infection. Using systematic review guidelines set forth by PRISMA, research articles were identified, screened and summarized based on exclusion criteria for the documented presence of zoonotic enteric parasites within nomadic or pastoral human populations. A total of 54 articles published between 1956 and 2016 were reviewed to determine the pathogens and exposure risks associated with the global transhumance lifestyle. The included articles reported more than twenty different zoonotic enteric parasite species and illustrated several risk factors for nomadic and pastoralist populations to acquire infection including; a) animal contact, b) food preparation and diet, and c) household characteristics. The most common parasite studied was Echinococcosis spp. and contact with dogs was recognized as a leading risk factor for zoonotic enteric parasites followed by contact with livestock and/or wildlife, water, sanitation, and hygiene barriers, home slaughter of animals, environmental water exposures, household member age and sex, and consumption of unwashed produce or raw, unprocessed, or undercooked milk or meat. Nomadic and pastoral communities are at risk of infection with a variety of zoonotic enteric parasites due to their living environment, cultural and dietary traditions, and close relationship to animals. Global health efforts aimed at reducing the transmission of these animal-to-human pathogens must incorporate a One Health approach to support water, sanitation, and hygiene development, provide education on safe food handling and preparation, and improve the health of domestic animals associated with these groups, particularly dogs.