Attribution of responsibility and valence of outcome in relation to initial confidence and success and failure of self and other
Attribution of responsibility and valence of outcome in relation to initial confidence and success and failure of self and other
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与自我和他人的最初信心、成功和失败相关的责任归属和结果效价
DOI：
10.1037/h0030845
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发表时间：
1971
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
J. G. Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Feather;J. G. Simon
以128名大学生为被试，采用5个练习字谜和15个测试字谜，测试难度各不相同，1/2的被试表现良好，1/2的被试表现较差。分析了前测置信度和后测归因于能力或运气，回忆措施，自我和他人的满意度。结果表明：（a）被试对他人的成功比对自己的成功更有信心，（B）意外结果更多地归因于运气，（c）他人的成功更多地归因于能力，而不是自己的成功或失败，（d）回忆中的积极偏向有利于他人，（e）满意度评分出现对比效应，及（f）工作表现是影响信心及满意度的主要因素。结果进行了讨论的模型涉及F。海德的平衡原则和他对行动原因的分析，从社会感知中的积极性偏差的角度出发，并指出了表现的社会背景对归因和效价的影响。(20参考文献）（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2016阿帕，保留所有权利）
Tested 128 undergraduates in like-sex pairs with 5 practice and 15 test anagrams varied in difficulty so that 1/2 the Ss would do well and 1/2 poorly. Pretest confidence ratings and posttest attributions of performance to ability or luck, recall measures, and satisfaction ratings for self and other were analyzed. Results indicate that (a) Ss were more confident of other's success than their own,(b) the unexpected outcome was more often attributed to luck,(c) other's success was more often attributed to ability and failure to bad luck than self's own success or failure,(d) a positivity bias in recall favored the other,(e) contrast effects occurred for satisfaction ratings, and (f) task performance was a dominant factor influencing confidence and satisfaction ratings. Results are discussed in terms of models involving F. Heider's principle of balance and his analysis of the causes of action, in terms of positivity biases in social perception, and as indicating effects of the social context of performance upon attribution and valence.(20 ref.)(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)