International trade and air pollution damages in the United States
International trade and air pollution damages in the United States
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106599
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发表时间：
2020-05
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Yan Xu;E. Dietzenbacher;B. Los
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yan Xu;E. Dietzenbacher;B. Los
本文调查了进出口中各种空气污染物对贸易的健康和经济后果。我们比较了美国出口产生的排放量和进口避免的排放量。根据Muller等人（2011年）的估算，使用美国经济的投入产出框架和污染物造成的损害（以货币表示）的综合数据库。我们发现，2002年与国际贸易有关的损害是相当大的。最终结果是，通过贸易避免了损害，这些避免的损害占美国贸易逆差的2.7%，占美国与贸易相关的增加值的3.4%。此外，计算出的“损害对增值的比率”在各行业之间差别很大。一些行业的出口是如此危险，以至于由于环境破坏，额外出口所获得的一半以上的附加值消失了。这些发现意味着，通过增加低损害密集型产品的出口，而不是高损害密集型产品的出口，美国可能从贸易中获益更多。
This paper investigates the health and economic consequences of trade due to various air pollutants embodied in exports and imports. We compare the US emissions generated for US exports and those that were avoided by importing. An input–output framework of the US economy is employed together with a comprehensive database on damages (expressed in monetary terms) generated by pollutants, as estimated by Muller et al. (2011). We find that damages associated with international trade in 2002 were considerable. The net result is that damages were avoided through trade and that these avoided damages amounted to 2.7% of the US trade deficit and 3.4% of the US value-added associated with trade. Moreover, the computed “damage to value-added ratios” differed greatly across industries. Exports in some industries are so hazardous that more than half of the value-added gained from extra exports disappeared due to environmental damages. These findings imply that the US might benefit more from trade by increasing its exports more in low damage-intensive products than in high damage-intensive products.