A Mechanistic Link from GABA to Cortical Architecture and Perception.
A Mechanistic Link from GABA to Cortical Architecture and Perception.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.055
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发表时间：
2017-06-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Stagg CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kolasinski J;Logan JP;Hinson EL;Manners D;Divanbeighi Zand AP;Makin TR;Emir UE;Stagg CJ
了解人类皮质的组织及其与不同大脑功能表现的关系在神经科学中是基本的。初级感觉皮层显示地形组织，由此感受野遵循一种特征模式，从紧张性复制到视网膜复制再到躯体复制。GABA能信号对维持皮质感受野至关重要；然而，这种细粒抑制如何与可测量的知觉模式相关尚不清楚。根据GABA能系统受到扰动后的知觉变化，可以想见，皮层GABA能张力的静息水平与对给定输入做出反应的激活的空间特异性直接相关。皮质激活的特异性可以从皮质调谐的角度来考虑：更大的皮质调谐会产生更局部的皮质区域招募，以响应给定的输入。我们应用功能磁共振成像、磁共振波谱和心理物理学相结合的方法，以人类体感皮层为模型，证实了皮质神经化学环境、皮质活动的调节和知觉敏感度的可变性之间的联系。我们提供的数据解释了人类在潜在的细胞和新陈代谢过程中的感知敏锐度。具体地说，更高浓度的感觉运动GABA与更具选择性的大脑皮层调谐相关，这反过来又与增强知觉相关。这些结果显示了解剖学和神经化学的特异性，并在一个独立的队列中重复。从神经化学到知觉的机械联系为理解感觉行为的群体变异性提供了至关重要的一步，为临床上恢复知觉能力的代谢治疗干预提供了信息。在人体躯体感觉系统中，GABA能与知觉敏感度相关，这种关系是通过调节躯体感觉皮层的活动来调节的。我们通过潜在的细胞和代谢过程来解释知觉敏锐度，γ-氨基丁酸参与初级感觉皮质活动的调节。Kolasinski等人。证明人类感知敏锐度的个体差异可以用皮质GABA能张力的差异来解释，这种关系是由皮质活动调节的差异所调节的。
Understanding both the organization of the human cortex and its relation to the performance of distinct functions is fundamental in neuroscience. The primary sensory cortices display topographic organization, whereby receptive fields follow a characteristic pattern, from tonotopy to retinotopy to somatotopy. GABAergic signaling is vital to the maintenance of cortical receptive fields; however, it is unclear how this fine-grain inhibition relates to measurable patterns of perception. Based on perceptual changes following perturbation of the GABAergic system, it is conceivable that the resting level of cortical GABAergic tone directly relates to the spatial specificity of activation in response to a given input. The specificity of cortical activation can be considered in terms of cortical tuning: greater cortical tuning yields more localized recruitment of cortical territory in response to a given input. We applied a combination of fMRI, MR spectroscopy, and psychophysics to substantiate the link between the cortical neurochemical milieu, the tuning of cortical activity, and variability in perceptual acuity, using human somatosensory cortex as a model. We provide data that explain human perceptual acuity in terms of both the underlying cellular and metabolic processes. Specifically, higher concentrations of sensorimotor GABA are associated with more selective cortical tuning, which in turn is associated with enhanced perception. These results show anatomical and neurochemical specificity and are replicated in an independent cohort. The mechanistic link from neurochemistry to perception provides a vital step in understanding population variability in sensory behavior, informing metabolic therapeutic interventions to restore perceptual abilities clinically. GABAergic tone correlates with perceptual acuity in the human somatosensory system This relationship is mediated by the tuning of activity in somatosensory cortex We explain perceptual acuity via the underlying cellular and metabolic processes γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is implicated in the tuning of activity in the primary sensory cortices. Kolasinski et al. demonstrate that individual differences in human perceptual acuity can be explained by differences in cortical GABAergic tone, a relationship mediated by differences in the tuning of cortical activity.