CARRY-OVER OF AFLATOXIN FROM COWS FOOD TO MILK
CARRY-OVER OF AFLATOXIN FROM COWS FOOD TO MILK
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DOI：
10.1017/s0003356100037417
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发表时间：
1992-10-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
HEERESVANDERTOL, JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
VELDMAN, A;MEIJS, JAC;HEERESVANDERTOL, JJ
做了两个实验。在实验1中，通过饲喂污染的复合食品，以34 - 39 μ g/天的水平向泌乳早期（2 - 4周）和泌乳晚期（34 - 36周）的奶牛给予黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB 1）。在为期14天的实验期间，对原料奶的黄曲霉毒素M1含量（AFM 1）进行了四次测定。每天测定产奶量，泌乳早期和后期的黄曲霉毒素携带率分别为0.062和0.018。在试验2中，8头高产（每天40公斤牛奶）和8头低产（每天16公斤牛奶）奶牛，在7 - 57微克/天的不同水平的黄曲霉毒素B_1摄入量下，测定了从复合饲料到牛奶中的黄曲霉毒素M_1的携带。独立的黄曲霉毒素B1的摄入量，高产奶牛有较高的携带率比低生产动物（比例0.038 v. 0-025）。AFB 1携带到AFM 1与产奶量呈线性相关。个别奶牛牛奶中AFM 1水平的变化不是由于产奶量的变化。AFB_1日摄入量与每公斤牛奶中AFM_1含量之间的关系可用公式描述：AFM_1（ng/kg牛奶）= 1.19 AFB_1日摄入量（mug/奶牛）+1.9。这意味着，为了生产每公斤牛奶中AFM 1低于0.05 μ g的牛奶，牛群中平均每日个体摄入量应限制在40 μ g AFB 1/天。由于奶牛在泌乳早期至中期消耗大量复合饲料，乳制品中AFB 1的最高水平必须设定在可接受的每日摄入量（ADI）值，以保证牛奶中AFM 1的水平不超过可耐受的水平。
Two experiments were made. In experiment 1, dairy cows in early lactation (2 to 4 weeks) and dairy cows in late lactation (34 to 36 weeks) were given aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) at a level of 34 to 39 mug/day by feeding them contaminated compound food. The aflatoxin M1-content (AFM1) of raw milk was determined four times during the experimental period of 14 days. The milk yield was measured daily.The carry-over rate of aflatoxin was proportionately 0.062 and 0.018 for cows in early and late lactation respectively. This difference was not only due to milk production level but possibly also associated to AFB1 liver metabolism.In experiment 2, eight high (40 kg milk per day) and eight low (16 kg milk per day) milk yielding cows, carry-over of AFB1 from compound food into AFM1 in milk was measured at different levels of AFB1 intake ranging from 7 to 57 mug/day. Independent of AFB1-intake, high-producing dairy cows had a higher carry-over rate than low producing animals (proportionately 0.038 v. 0-025). Carry-over of AFB1 to AFM1 was linearly correlated with milk yield. Variations in the level of AFM1 in milk of individual cows were not due to variations in milk yield. The relationship between AFB1 intake per day and AFM1-content in milk per kg could be described by the formula: AFM1 (ng/kg milk) = 1.19 AFB1 intake (mug per cow per day) + 1.9. This means that in order to produce milk with less than 0.05 mug AFM1 per kg milk the average daily individual intake in a herd should be limited to 40 mug AFB1 per day.As dairy cows in their early to mid lactation period consume large quantities of compound food, a maximum level of AFB1 in dairy foods has to be set at an acceptable daily intake (ADI) value to guarantee that AFM1 levels in milk do not exceed tolerable levels.