Bee species richness through time in an urbanizing landscape of the southeastern United States
Bee species richness through time in an urbanizing landscape of the southeastern United States
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.17060
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发表时间：
2024-01-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Irwin，Rebecca E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ruzi，Selina A.;Youngsteadt，Elsa;Irwin，Rebecca E.
与非城市环境相比，城市生态群落的分类多样性和功能性状组成发生了变化。然而，我们对这些城市变化是如何随着时间的推移而形成的知之甚少。利用历史蜜蜂（Apoidea: Anthophila）博物馆标本，辅以在线知识库和研究人员的收藏，我们调查了过去118年来蜜蜂物种丰富度是否与城市和人类人口增长有关。我们还确定了哪些物种不再被收集，这些物种是否有共同的特征，以及收集者的行为是否会随着时间的推移而改变。我们关注的是美国北卡罗来纳州的威克县，那里的人口规模在上个世纪增长了16倍以上，其最大城市罗利的城市面积增长了4倍以上。我们用占用模型、稀疏和外推曲线来估计蜜蜂物种丰富度，以解释不完善的检测和样本覆盖。为了确定蜜蜂的特征是否与收集物种的时间相关，我们收集了有关本地状态、筑巢习惯、饮食广度和社会性的信息。我们使用非度量的多维尺度来确定个体收集器是否随着时间的推移贡献了不同的蜜蜂组合。在威克县共收集到328种。我们发现，虽然蜜蜂物种丰富度有变化，但随着时间的推移，蜜蜂物种丰富度没有明显的变化趋势。然而，最近的收集（自2003年以来）丢失了195个物种，并且特征组成发生了变化，特别是地下筑巢的物种丢失。数据集中的顶级收集者收集蜜蜂物种的频率不同，但这在历史和当代时期并不一致；一些当代收藏家比其他人聚集得更近，可能是因为他们更关注城市栖息地。利用历史收集和互补分析可以填补知识空白，帮助理解可能没有长期数据的分类群中物种丰富度的时间模式。
Compared to non‐urban environments, cities host ecological communities with altered taxonomic diversity and functional trait composition. However, we know little about how these urban changes take shape over time. Using historical bee (Apoidea: Anthophila) museum specimens supplemented with online repositories and researcher collections, we investigated whether bee species richness tracked urban and human population growth over the past 118 years. We also determined which species were no longer collected, whether those species shared certain traits, and if collector behavior changed over time. We focused on Wake County, North Carolina, United States where human population size has increased over 16 times over the last century along with the urban area within its largest city, Raleigh, which has increased over four times. We estimated bee species richness with occupancy models, and rarefaction and extrapolation curves to account for imperfect detection and sample coverage. To determine if bee traits correlated with when species were collected, we compiled information on native status, nesting habits, diet breadth, and sociality. We used non‐metric multidimensional scaling to determine if individual collectors contributed different bee assemblages over time. In total, there were 328 species collected in Wake County. We found that although bee species richness varied, there was no clear trend in bee species richness over time. However, recent collections (since 2003) were missing 195 species, and there was a shift in trait composition, particularly lost species were below‐ground nesters. The top collectors in the dataset differed in how often they collected bee species, but this was not consistent between historic and contemporary time periods; some contemporary collectors grouped closer together than others, potentially due to focusing on urban habitats. Use of historical collections and complimentary analyses can fill knowledge gaps to help understand temporal patterns of species richness in taxonomic groups that may not have planned long‐term data.