Control of bacterial spot on tomato in the greenhouse and field with h-mutant bacteriophages
Control of bacterial spot on tomato in the greenhouse and field with h-mutant bacteriophages
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DOI：
10.21273/hortsci.35.5.882
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发表时间：
2000-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Jackson, LE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flaherty, JE;Jones, JB;Jackson, LE
采用番茄斑病菌黄单胞菌（Xanthomonas campestris pv, vesicatoria (Doidge) Dye） 1和3小种（T3）特有的宿主突变体（h-mutant）噬菌体混合体，对“Sunbeam”番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）移栽和大田栽培植株进行了两个季节（1997年秋和1998年秋）的生物防治评价。将噬菌体叶面施用与水（对照）和铜/代森锰锌杀菌剂（番茄苗期和大田生产中常用的化学防治策略）的类似施用进行了比较。1997年，温室幼苗的细菌性斑疹发病率从40.5%（对照）降至5.5%或0.9%，分别为杀菌剂或噬菌体处理的植物。1998年，对照植株的病斑发病率为17.4%，而杀菌剂和噬菌体处理植株的病斑发病率分别为5.5%和2.7%，尽管这些差异在P <或等于0.05时没有统计学意义。根据疾病进展曲线下面积（AUDPC）测量，与未处理的对照植株相比，在田间种植的番茄上应用噬菌体可使疾病严重程度降低17.5%（1997年）和16.8%（1998年）。除1998年的早期活力评分外，每个田间季节两次的收获前活力评分，噬菌体处理的植株均高于杀菌剂处理的植株和未处理的对照植株。与未处理的对照植株相比，使用噬菌体使超大果实总重增加14.9%（1997年）和24.2%（1998年），与化学杀菌剂处理的植株相比，增加37.8%（1997年）和23.9%（1998年）。所用化学名称：锰、锌、羧基乙烯二硫代氨基甲酸乙酯（代森锰锌）。
A mixture of host-range mutant (h-mutant) bacteriophages specific for tomato race 1 (T1) and race 3 (T3) of the bacterial spot pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv, vesicatoria (Doidge) Dye was evaluated for biological control of bacterial spot on 'Sunbeam' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants and field-grown plants for two seasons (Fall 1997 and Fall 1998), Foliar applications of bacteriophages were compared with similar applications of water (control) and of copper/mancozeb bactericides, the commonly used chemical control strategy for tomato seedling and field production. In 1997, the incidence of bacterial spot on greenhouse-grown seedlings was reduced from 40.5% (control) to 5.5% or 0.9% for bactericide- or bacteriophage-treated plants, respectively. In 1998, the incidence of bacterial spot was 17.4 % on control plants vs. 5.5 % and 2.7% for bactericide- and bacteriophage-treated plants, respectively, although these differences were not statistically significant at P less than or equal to 0.05, Applications of bacteriophages to field-grown tomatoes decreased disease severity as measured by the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) by 17.5% (1997) and 16.8% (1998) compared with untreated control plants. Preharvest plant vigor ratings, taken twice during each field season, were higher in the bacteriophage-treated plants than in either bactericide-treated plants or nontreated controls except for the early vigor rating in 1998, Use of bacteriophages increased total weight of extra-large fruit 14.9 % (1997) and 24.2 % (1998) relative to that of nontreated control plants, and 37.8 % (1997) and 23.9 % (1998) relative to that of plants treated with the chemical bactericides. Chemical names used: manganese, zinc, carboxy-ethylene bis dithiocarbamate (mancozeb).