An expanded arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages
An expanded arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017
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发表时间：
2022-09-14
影响因子：
30.3
通讯作者：
Sorek, Rotem
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Millman, Adi;Melamed, Sarah;Sorek, Rotem
细菌抗噬菌体系统经常聚集在微生物基因组中，形成防御岛。这一特性使得最近发现了基于基因组与已知系统共定位的多种防御系统，但抗噬菌体机制的完整武库仍然未知。基于计算基因组分析和噬菌体感染实验，我们报告了21种保护细菌免受噬菌体侵害的防御系统的发现。我们发现了多个与真核生物抗病毒免疫相关的系统，包括那些与泛素样ISG15蛋白、动力蛋白样结构域和SEFIR结构域同源的结构域，并显示它们参与细菌防御。其他系统包括预测操纵DNA和rnamer分子的结构域，以及此处显示的抗噬菌体防御功能的毒素-抗毒素系统。这些系统广泛分布在微生物基因组中，在一些细菌中，它们构成了免疫武器库的相当一部分。我们的数据大大扩展了细菌利用防御系统来对抗噬菌体感染的清单。
Bacterial anti-phage systems are frequently clustered in microbial genomes, forming defense islands. This property enabled the recent discovery of multiple defense systems based on their genomic co-localization with known systems, but the full arsenal of anti-phage mechanisms remains unknown. We report the discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages, based on computational genomic analyses and phage-infection experiments. We identified multiple systems with domains involved in eukaryotic antiviral immunity, including those homologous to the ubiquitin-like ISG15 protein, dynamin-like domains, and SEFIR domains, and showtheir participation in bacterial defenses. Additional systems include domains predicted to manipulate DNA and RNAmolecules, alongside toxin-antitoxin systems shown here to function in anti-phage defense. These systems are widely distributed in microbial genomes, and in some bacteria, they form a considerable fraction of the immune arsenal. Our data substantially expand the inventory of defense systems utilized by bacteria to counteract phage infection.