Big data analysis of irregular operations: Aborted approaches and their underlying factors
Big data analysis of irregular operations: Aborted approaches and their underlying factors
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违规操作大数据分析：中止做法及其背后因素
DOI：
10.1109/icnsurv.2013.6548548
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Shortle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Sherry;Zhenming Wang;Houda Kerkoub Kourdali;J. Shortle
在航空交通管制程序中设计了诸如错过进近和等待模式等程序，以便在发生不规则操作时，为航班临时离开空域或交通流提供安全的方式。这些程序作为“压力释放阀”，并且以这种方式是影响效率和安全裕度的罕见现象发生的症状。航空公司或空中导航服务提供商（ANSP）目前没有跟踪这些程序的发生，因为无法使用现有的带时间戳的事件数据（即OOOI数据）来识别这些情况，而这些数据是当今NAS性能分析的基础。本文描述了对监视轨迹数据的大数据分析，以确定中止进近的发生频率，并对自愿飞行员/空中交通管制员报告进行分析，以确定导致中止进近的因素。中止进近包括复飞复飞以及在复飞进近点（MAP）之前关闭最后进近段。对21天的ORD进近监视跟踪数据进行分析，确定了导致中止进近的进近频率为7.4/1000。每天每1000次进场中，有0次进场失败，21次进场失败。80%的中止进近涉及在MAP之前关闭最后进近段。对来自美国所有机场的467份自愿飞行员/空中交通管制员报告的分析确定了导致中止进场的因素：（1）48%的飞机问题（例如，机载故障、不稳定进近），（2）27%的分道问题，（3）16%的天气（例如，升限、能见度、风向），（4）5%的跑道问题，（5）4%的机组-ATC交互问题。这些结果表明，通过程序修改、培训和设备设计，可以采取缓解策略，减少日常发生的高差异。
Procedures such as Missed Approaches and Holding Patterns are designed into Air Traffic Control procedures to provide a safe manner for flights to temporarily exit the airspace or the traffic flow when irregular operations occur. These procedures serve as “pressure release valves” and in this way are symptoms of the occurrence of infrequent phenomena that impact efficiency and safety margins. The occurrence of these procedures is not currently tracked by airlines or Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSP) due to the inability to identify these situations using the existing time-stamped event data (i.e. OOOI data) that is the basis for NAS performance analysis today. This paper describes a Big Data analysis of surveillance track data to establish the frequency of occurrence of Aborted Approaches, and an analysis of voluntary pilot/air traffic controller reports to establish factors leading to Aborted Approaches. Aborted Approaches include a Go Around for a Missed Approach as well as a turn off the final approach segment prior to the Missed Approach Point (MAP). Analysis of 21 days of surveillance track data for approaches at ORD identified a 7.4 in 1000 frequency of approaches resulting in an Aborted Approach. Daily Aborted Approaches ranged from 0 per day to 21 per 1000 approaches per day. Eighty percent of the Aborted Approaches involved a turn off the final approach segment prior to the MAP. An analysis of 467 voluntary pilot/air traffic controller reports from all U.S. airports identified factors leading to aborted approaches: (1) 48% airplane issues (e.g. onboard failure, unstable approach), (2) 27% traffic separation issues, (3) 16% weather (e.g. ceiling, visibility, crosswind), (4) 5% runway issues, and (5) 4% flightcrew-ATC interaction issues. These results suggest mitigation strategies to reduce the high variance in daily occurrences through procedure modification, training and equipment design.