MOSAIC at the E-ELT: A multi-object spectrograph for astrophysics, IGM and cosmology
MOSAIC at the E-ELT: A multi-object spectrograph for astrophysics, IGM and cosmology
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E-ELT 的 MOSAIC：用于天体物理学、IGM 和宇宙学的多目标光谱仪
DOI：
10.1117/12.2055148
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Disseau
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Hammer;B. Barbuy;J. Cuby;L. Kaper;S. Morris;C. Evans;P. Jagourel;G. Dalton;P. Rees;M. Puech;M. Rodrigues;D. Pearson;K. Disseau
宇宙由数千亿个星系组成，每个星系都由数千亿颗恒星组成。天体物理学的目标是了解这几乎无法计数的恒星，星团和星系的复杂性，包括它们的空间分布，形成，以及目前与星际和星系间介质的相互作用。相当一部分天体物理学发现需要大量的统计样本，这只能通过多目标光谱仪（MOS）来解决。在这里，我们介绍了欧洲极大望远镜（E-ELT）的光学/近红外MOS的MOSAIC研究，该望远镜具有从恒星物理和系外行星研究到星系演化和宇宙学的科学案例所指定的能力。最近对天空背景减除和多目标自适应光学（MOAO）等关键技术问题的研究表明，利用当前的技术和工艺，这样的MOS是可行的。到2020年代，E-ELT将成为世界上最大的光学/红外望远镜，我们认为它必须尽快配备MOS。MOSAIC将提供一个巨大的发现空间，由2000的多路复用和R = 5000和20000的光谱分辨率实现。MOSAIC还将提供10到20个“高清晰度”（MOAO）积分场单元的独特能力，优化以研究再电离源的物理学，为詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）提供最有效的观测后续行动。这些模式的结合将使研究宇宙时间内星系的质量组装历史成为可能，包括高红移矮星系和研究星系际介质的分布。它还将提供前所未有距离的外部星系中已分辨恒星的光谱学，从主序星的本星系群外围到发光的红超巨星的本宇宙的相当大的体积，包括附近的星系团。
The Universe is comprised of hundreds of billions of galaxies, each populated by hundreds of billions of stars. Astrophysics aims to understand the complexity of this almost incommensurable number of stars, stellar clusters and galaxies, including their spatial distribution, formation, and current interactions with the interstellar and intergalactic media. A considerable fraction of astrophysical discoveries require large statistical samples, which can only be addressed with multi-object spectrographs (MOS). Here we introduce the MOSAIC study of an optical/near-infrared MOS for the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT), which has capabilities specified by science cases ranging from stellar physics and exoplanet studies to galaxy evolution and cosmology. Recent studies of critical technical issues such as sky-background subtraction and multi-object adaptive optics (MOAO) have demonstrated that such a MOS is feasible with current technology and techniques. In the 2020s the E-ELT will become the world’s largest optical/IR telescope, and we argue that it has to be equipped as soon as possible with a MOS. MOSAIC will provide a vast discovery space, enabled by a multiplex of ∼ 200 and spectral resolving powers of R = 5 000 and 20 000. MOSAIC will also offer the unique capability of 10-to-20 ‘high-definition’ (MOAO) integral-field units, optimised to investigate the physics of the sources of reionisation, providing the most efficient follow-up of observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The combination of these modes will enable the study of the mass-assembly history of galaxies over cosmic time, including high-redshift dwarf galaxies and studies of the distribution of the intergalactic medium. It will also provide spectroscopy of resolved stars in external galaxies at unprecedented distances, from the outskirts of the Local Group for main-sequence stars, to a significant volume of the local Universe, including nearby galaxy clusters, for luminous red supergiants.