Effects of Daily Exposure to Saccharin and Sucrose on Testicular Biologic Functions in Mice
Effects of Daily Exposure to Saccharin and Sucrose on Testicular Biologic Functions in Mice
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DOI：
10.1095/biolreprod.116.140889
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Shi, Fang-Xiong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gong, Ting;Wei, Quan-Wei;Shi, Fang-Xiong
食用糖精钠被认为是安全和有益的，因为它的甜味非常强烈，没有任何相关热量，但支持的科学数据仍然很少且存在争议。在此，我们证明，给小鼠施用糖精或蔗糖 35 天，存在剂量反应关系，这种关联涉及睾丸表达的甜味分子（味觉受体 1 型亚基 3 [T1R3]；G 蛋白 α-味觉素 [Gα]）。中、低剂量糖精处理组的小鼠体重和睾丸重量随着睾丸甜味和类固醇生成相关分子的上调而增加（中糖精：类固醇生成急性调节蛋白[StAR]；P450胆固醇侧链裂解酶[CYP11A1]； 17-α-羟化酶/C17,20-裂解酶[CYP17A1]；低糖精：StAR）。此外，观察到高剂量糖精相关的生殖激素水平下降以及睾丸和精子损伤与睾丸 T1R3 和 Galpha 的抑制以及类固醇生成相关因子（StAR；3-β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶 [3-betaHSD]；CYP11A1；CYP17A1； 17-β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶 [17-β-HSD]），并激活裂解的 caspase-3。然而，高剂量和中剂量蔗糖暴露小鼠的睾丸和精子异常与裂解的caspase-3增加有关，但与T1R3和/或Galpha无关。总的来说，我们的结果清楚地表明糖精对睾丸的生理作用与睾丸 T1R3 和 Galpha 相关，这与蔗糖不同。因此，我们呼吁重新评估日常生活中过量使用甜味剂，特别是人造甜味剂，考虑到其潜在的副作用。
Saccharin sodium consumption is considered safe and beneficial, owing to its very intense sweetness without any associated calories, but supporting scientific data remain sparse and controversial. Herein, we demonstrate that dose-response relationships existed with regard to administration of saccharin or sucrose to mice for 35 days, and this association involved testis-expressed sweet-tasting molecules (taste receptor type 1 subunit 3 [T1R3]; G protein alpha-gustducin [Galpha]). Mouse body weights and testis weights in middle-and low-dose saccharin-treated groups were increased with up-expressions of molecules involved in testicular sweet taste and steroidogenic (middle saccharin: steroidogenic acute regulatory protein [StAR]; P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme [CYP11A1]; 17-alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase [CYP17A1]; low saccharin: StAR). Moreover, a high-dose saccharin-related decline in reproductive hormone levels and injuries to testis and sperm were observed to be associated with suppression of testicular T1R3 and Galpha, as well as steroidogenic-related factors (StAR; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [3-betaHSD]; CYP11A1; CYP17A1; 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [17-beta-HSD]), and activation of cleaved caspase-3. However, abnormalities of the testis and sperm in high-and middle-dose sucrose-exposed mice were related to the increased- cleaved caspase-3, but independent of T1R3 and/or Galpha. Collectively, our results clearly suggest that saccharin-induced physiologic effects on testis are associated with testicular T1R3 and Galpha, which differed from sucrose. We hence call for a reassessment of the excessive use of sweeteners in daily life, especially artificial ones, considering their potential side effects.