Determination of volatile compounds in foliage of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea)
Determination of volatile compounds in foliage of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.microc.2006.03.003
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Butcher, David J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carlow, Samantha J.;Ayers, Lauren;Butcher, David J.
弗雷泽冷杉 (Abies fraseri) 和香脂冷杉 (Abies balsamea) 是北美东部的针叶树，它们受到外来昆虫香脂毛阿德尔吉德 (BWA) 的侵染。 BWA 侵染对弗雷泽冷杉造成了特别严重的影响，某些地点的死亡率高达 95%，其特点是只攻击成熟的树木。本研究的目的是进行化学系统学研究，以评估不同杉木林中挥发性化学浓度的差异是否与对 BWA 侵染的抵抗力有关。通过二氯甲烷萃取程序测定挥发物的浓度，然后通过气相色谱分析。首先，对弗雷泽冷杉和香脂冷杉幼苗、幼树和成熟树叶子中挥发物的浓度水平进行了比较。如果一种化学物质具有抗性，那么香脂叶中的挥发性水平就会更高，因为它对 BWA 具有更强的抗性。其次，将未受感染地点的弗雷泽冷杉树苗和成熟树木的挥发性水平与受感染地点幸存的弗雷泽冷杉树苗和成熟树木的挥发物水平进行比较。对于具有 BWA 抗性的化合物，由于幸存树木的抗性更强，预计受感染地点的挥发性水平会更高。最后，将幼树叶子中的挥发物浓度与成熟叶子中的挥发物浓度进行比较，预计幼树中具有更高水平的提供抗性的化学物质。 3-蒈烯被证明始终遵循对 BWA 具有抗性的化合物的预期模式，而 β-蒎烯则遵循大多数比较的模式。这些结果表明，虽然麦芽酚和总挥发物与预期模式不相关，但 3-蒈烯，可能还有 β-蒎烯和倍半萜烯可以为冷杉提供针对 BWA 侵染的防御。 (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
The Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) are eastern North American conifers which have been infested by an exotic insect, the balsam woolly adelgid (BWA). BWA infestation has had particularly severe effects on Fraser fir, with up to 95% mortality rates at some sites, and is characterized by attack on mature trees only. The purpose of this research was to perform a chemosystematic study to evaluate whether differences in volatile chemical concentrations of various stands of fir were observed as a function of resistance to BWA infestation. The concentrations of volatiles were determined by a methylene chloride extraction procedure, followed by analysis by gas chromatography. First, comparisons were made of concentration levels of volatiles in Fraser and balsam fir foliage of seedlings, saplings, and mature trees. If a chemical provided resistance, one would expect higher volatile levels in the balsam foliage because of its greater resistance to BWA. Second, the volatile levels in Fraser fir saplings and mature trees at uninfested sites were compared to the levels in surviving Fraser fir saplings and mature trees at infested sites. For a compound that provided BWA-resistance, higher volatile levels would be expected at the infested site because of the greater resistance of the surviving trees. Lastly, the concentrations of volatiles in sapling foliage were compared to those in mature foliage, where higher levels of resistance-providing chemicals would be expected in the saplings. 3-Carene was shown to consistently follow the expected pattern for a compound that provides resistance against BWA and beta-pinene followed the pattern for the majority of the comparisons. These results indicate that while maltol and total volatiles did not correlate with the expected pattern, 3-carene, and possibly beta-pinene and sesquiterpenes may provide fir with defense against BWA infestation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.