A Robust and Economical Underwater Stereo Video System to Observe Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba)
A Robust and Economical Underwater Stereo Video System to Observe Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba)
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用于观察南极磷虾（南极磷虾）的坚固且经济的水下立体视频系统
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
M. Cox
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作者：
T. Letessier;S. Kawaguchi;R. King;J. Meeuwig;R. Harcourt;M. Cox
磷虾形态、行为和方向的原位表征尚不具备常规可行性，但对于了解磷虾群特征至关重要。第一步是衡量个体和群体行为。我们报告了成功使用强大、低成本的水下立体摄像机系统来观察水族馆中活体南极磷虾（EuphausiaSuperba）的情况。摄影测量技术的应用可以根据立体摄像机的观察来计算动物的长度、方向和三维位置。最初，我们通过观察已知长度和方向的合成目标来测试立体系统的功效，以获得测量误差的估计。我们发现，立体相机系统平均低估了长度 0.6 毫米，垂直倾斜角 +0.34°（抬头），但对 100 条随机选择的磷虾长度进行的摄影测量测量与对 100 条随机捕获的磷虾进行物理测量的测量结果没有显着差异。在我们的调查过程中，我们分析了磷虾的三种行为指标：三种行为状态（不受干扰、进食和逃跑）下的游泳速度、弯曲度和垂直方向。我们发现，当动物进食或表现出逃避反应时，游泳速度和弯曲度显着增加，但垂直方向在不同州之间没有显着差异。我们的调查表明，低成本立体摄像机可以产生精确的测量结果，可用于监测磷虾的行为和种群结构。
In situ characterization of krill morphometry, behaviour and orientation is not yet routinely feasible, yet is critical to understanding swarm characteristics. A first step is to measure individual and aggregation behaviour. We report on successful use of a robust, low-cost underwater stereo video camera system to observe live Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in aquaria. The application of photogrammetry techniques allows animal length, orientation and three-dimensional position to be calculated from stereo video camera observations. Initially, we tested the efficacy of the stereo system by observing synthetic targets of known length and orientation to obtain estimates of measurement error. We found that on average the stereo camera system underestimated length by 0.6 mm and vertical tilt angle by +0.34°(head up), but that photogrammetric measurements of 100 randomly selected krill lengths were not significantly different from measurements of 100 randomly caught krill measured physically. During our investigation, we analysed three krill behavioural metrics: swimming speed, tortuosity, and vertical orientation under three behavioural states (undisturbed, feeding, and escape). We found that swim speed and tortuosity significantly increased when animals were feeding or exhibiting an escape response, but vertical orientation was not significantly different across states. Our investigation demonstrates that low-cost stereo video cameras can produce precise measurements that can be used for monitoring krill behaviour and population structure.