The role of growth factors in the embryogenesis and differentiation of the eye.
The role of growth factors in the embryogenesis and differentiation of the eye.
复制标题
生长因子在眼睛胚胎发生和分化中的作用。
DOI：
10.1002/aja.1001920411
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Borisuth,NS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tripathi,BJ;Tripathi,RC;Livingston,AM;Borisuth,NS
脊椎动物的眼睛由多种组织组成，这些组织在胚胎时期从表面外胚层、神经外胚层、神经嵴和中胚层间充质起源。在发育过程中，这些不同类型的细胞经历了复杂的诱导和抑制相互作用过程，导致它们最终分化并排列成完全形成的眼睛。随着眼发育观念的改变，我们从细胞和分子水平上从纤维母细胞生长因子、表皮生长因子、神经生长因子、血小板源性生长因子、转化生长因子、中胚层生长因子、转铁蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子、神经营养因子、血管生成因子和抗血管生成因子等生长因子对眼形态发生的调控提出了新的观点。生长因子，特别是转化生长因子- β，在指导脑神经嵴细胞的迁移和发育模式中起着至关重要的作用，脑神经嵴细胞对眼睛的结构有广泛的贡献。一些生长因子还通过影响细胞外基质的合成和降解对眼组织发育起作用。参与受精卵生长和分化最早阶段的生长因子mrna是由母体提供的，直到胚胎组织能够合成它们。随后，发育中的眼组织暴露于内源性和外源性生长因子，这些生长因子来源于非眼组织以及胚胎液和体循环。表面头部外胚层和底层脊索内胚层之间的早期相互作用使外胚层产生晶状体形成偏差；之后，视神经囊泡通过晶状体引出最后的决定阶段并增强分化。血眼屏障建立后，眼内环境受眼内组织间相互作用控制；只有那些选择性穿过屏障或由眼组织合成的生长因子才能影响细胞的进一步发育和分化。了解生长因子调控的组织相互作用，有助于阐明正常和异常眼发育的确切机制。
The vertebrate eye is composed of a variety of tissues that, embryonically, have their derivation from surface ectoderm, neural ectoderm, neural crest, and mesodermal mesenchyme. During development, these different types of cells are subjected to complex processes of induction and suppressive interactions that bring about their final differentiation and arrangement in the fully formed eye. With the changing concept of ocular development, we present a new perspective on the control of morphogenesis at the cellular and molecular levels by growth factors that include fibroblast growth factors, epidermal growth factor, nerve growth factor, plateletderived growth factor, transforming growth factors, mesodermal growth factors, transferrin, tumor necrosis factor, neuronotrophic factors, angiogenic factors, and antiangiogenic factors. Growth factors, especially transforming growth factor‐β, have a crucial role in directing the migration and developmental patterns of the cranial neural‐crest cells that contribute extensively to the structures of the eye. Some growth factors also exert an effect on the developing ocular tissues by influencing the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. The mRNAs for the growth factors that are involved in the earliest aspects of the growth and differentiation of the fertilized egg are supplied from maternal sources until embryonic tissues are able to synthesize them. Subsequently, the developing eye tissues are exposed to both endogenous and exogenous growth factors that are derived from nonocular tissues as well as from embryonic fluids and the systemic circulation. The early interaction between the surface head ectoderm and the underlying chordamesoderm confers a lens‐forming bias on the ectoderm; later, the optic vesicle elicits the final phase of determination and enhances differentiation by the lens. After the blood–ocular barrier is established, the internal milieu of the eye is controlled by the interactions among the intraocular tissues; only those growth factors that selectively cross the barrier or that are synthesized by the ocular tissues can influence further development and differentiation of the cells. An understanding of the tissue interactions that are regulated by growth factors could clarify the precise mechanism of normal and abnormal ocular development.