A pragmatic comparison of noise burst and electric shock unconditioned stimuli for fear conditioning research with many trials.
A pragmatic comparison of noise burst and electric shock unconditioned stimuli for fear conditioning research with many trials.
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DOI：
10.1111/psyp.12677
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发表时间：
2016-09
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Matthias F. J. Sperl;Christian Panitz;C. Hermann;E. M. Mueller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Matthias F. J. Sperl;Christian Panitz;C. Hermann;E. M. Mueller
有几种有望研究恐惧调节的神经生理学的方法（例如脑电图、脑磁图）需要大量的试验才能达到足够的信噪比。虽然电击和白噪声爆发是传统恐惧条件反射研究中最常用的无条件刺激（美国），且试验次数很少，但尚不清楚这些刺激是否同样适合经过多次试验的范例。在这里，N = 32 名参与者接受了 260 次差异性恐惧条件反射和消退范式，并在 24 小时后进行了 240 次试验回忆测试，并以中性面孔作为条件刺激。在受试者间设计中，白噪声突发 (n = 16) 或电击 (n = 16) 用作 US，并且使用每个 US 最常见的程序确定强度（即，分别使用固定的 95 dB 噪声突发和电击处理程序）。除了不同的美国类型之外，各群体在与美国密切相关的特征（例如校准方法、刺激强度、时间安排）方面也存在差异。主观评级（唤醒/效价）、皮肤电导和诱发的心脏周期变化（即恐惧心动过缓）表明，与电击组相比，白噪声突发组的条件反射更可靠、更耐消退、更稳定。在进行了许多试验的恐惧调节实验中，白噪声突发应该充当美国的角色。
Several methods that are promising for studying the neurophysiology of fear conditioning (e.g., EEG, MEG) require a high number of trials to achieve an adequate signal-to-noise ratio. While electric shock and white noise burst are among the most commonly used unconditioned stimuli (US) in conventional fear conditioning studies with few trials, it is unknown whether these stimuli are equally well suited for paradigms with many trials. Here, N = 32 participants underwent a 260-trial differential fear conditioning and extinction paradigm with a 240-trial recall test 24 h later and neutral faces as conditioned stimuli. In a between-subjects design, either white noise bursts (n = 16) or electric shocks (n = 16) served as US, and intensities were determined using the most common procedure for each US (i.e., a fixed 95 dB noise burst and a work-up procedure for electric shocks, respectively). In addition to differing US types, groups also differed in closely linked US-associated characteristics (e.g., calibration methods, stimulus intensities, timing). Subjective ratings (arousal/valence), skin conductance, and evoked heart period changes (i.e., fear bradycardia) indicated more reliable, extinction-resistant, and stable conditioning in the white noise burst versus electric shock group. In fear conditioning experiments where many trials are presented, white noise burst should serve as US.