A battle of wills: self-verification versus behavioral confirmation.
A battle of wills: self-verification versus behavioral confirmation.
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.46.6.1287
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发表时间：
1984-06
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
W. Swann;R. Ely
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Swann;R. Ely
当感知者对目标个体形成的预期与目标个体的自我概念不一致时，谁的观点会获胜？虽然行为确认的研究认为，感知者将通过使目标确认预期而“获胜”，但自我验证的研究认为，目标将通过使感知者以确认其自我概念的方式对待他们而“获胜”。这里报道的研究试图通过考虑感知者的期望和目标的自我概念的确定性来调和这些相互竞争的观点。知觉者首先对目标形成相对确定或不确定的预期，这些预期与目标的自我概念不一致。然后，他们与目标，谁拥有相对确定或不确定的自我概念，在一系列的三个连续的采访会议。对被试行为和目标的分析表明，自我验证总是发生在目标对自我概念有确定性的时候。自我验证也往往发生在感知者和目标都不确定他们的信念。行为确认往往只发生在感知者确定他们的期望和目标是不确定的自我概念。在实验结束时，感知者通常放弃了他们的期望，但目标没有显示出自我评价的变化。自我验证与行为确认发生的条件下进行了讨论。
When a perceiver forms an expectancy about a target individual that is discrepant with that target's self-conception, whose viewpoint will triumph? Although research on behavioral confirmation argues that perceivers will "win" by causing targets to confirm the expectancy, research on self-verification argues that targets will "win" by bringing perceivers to treat them in a manner that confirms their self-conceptions. The research reported here sought to reconcile these competing viewpoints by considering the certainty of perceivers' expectancies and targets' self-conceptions. Perceivers first formed relatively certain or uncertain expectancies about targets that were inconsistent with targets' self-conceptions. They then interacted with targets, who possessed relatively certain or uncertain self-conceptions, in a series of three successive interview sessions. Analyses of the behavior or targets indicated that self-verification always occurred when targets were certain of their self-conceptions. Self-verification also tended to occur when both perceivers and targets were uncertain of their beliefs. Behavioral confirmation tended to occur only when perceivers were certain of their expectancies and targets were uncertain of their self-conceptions. At the end of the experiment, perceivers had generally abandoned their expectancies, but targets revealed no self-rating change. The conditions under which self-verification versus behavioral confirmation occur are discussed.