Surface Water Microbial Community Response to the Biocide 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide, Used in Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction
Surface Water Microbial Community Response to the Biocide 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide, Used in Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.01336-19
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Hazen, Terry C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campa, Maria Fernanda;Techtmann, Stephen M.;Hazen, Terry C.
非常规石油和天然气的产量持续上升，但对水生生态系统附近高密度水力压裂（HF）活动的影响尚未完全了解。在HF影响（HF+）与HF未影响（HF-）地表水流的微观世界中研究了HF中常用的杀生物剂2，2-二溴-3-次氮基丙酰胺（DBNPA），以（i）比较微生物群落响应，（ii）基于过去HF暴露研究DBNPA降解产物，以及（iii）比较HF杀生物剂DBNPA和戊二醛之间微生物群落响应的差异和相似性。在HF影响与HF未受影响的微生态系统中，微生物群落对DBNPA的反应不同，包括16 S rRNA基因拷贝数定量、α和β多样性以及微生物群落组成随时间变化的差异丰度分析。微生物群落变化的差异影响降解动力学。HF影响的微生物群落对DBNPA更敏感，导致生物杀灭剂和降解的副产品比HF未受影响的微生态系统持续更长时间。共检测到17种DBNPA副产物，其中许多并不被广泛称为DBNPA副产物。检测到的许多溴化副产品据信尚未定性，但可能会对环境和健康造成影响。相似的类群能够耐受戊二醛和DBNPA;然而，DBNPA对于微生物控制不那么有效，如暴露于杀生物剂后16 S rRNA基因拷贝/ml的较小总体降低所指示的，这些发现表明，过去在溪流中的HF活动可以影响微生物群落对环境扰动的反应，例如由HF引起的环境扰动。非常规的石油和天然气活动会影响地表水中的pH值、总有机碳和微生物群落，改变它们对新的环境和/或人为扰动的响应能力。这些研究结果表明，2，2-二溴-3-次氮基丙酰胺（DBNPA），一种常见的水力压裂（HF）杀生物剂，由于过去的HF暴露，对微生物群落的影响不同，在HF影响（HF+）沃茨中持续时间更长。这些发现还表明，无论HF的影响如何，DBNPA在环境微生物群落中的功效较低。这些发现是有趣的，因为了解微生物的反应是制定非常规石油和天然气（UOG）影响环境的修复策略的关键。此外，一些DBNPA降解副产物甚至比DBNPA本身更有毒和更难降解，这项工作确定了新的溴化降解副产物的形成。
Production of unconventional oil and gas continues to rise, but the effects of high-density hydraulic fracturing (HF) activity near aquatic ecosystems are not fully understood. A commonly used biocide in HF, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), was studied in microcosms of HF-impacted (HF+) versus HF-unimpacted (HF-) surface water streams to (i) compare the microbial community response, (ii) investigate DBNPA degradation products based on past HF exposure, and (iii) compare the microbial community response differences and similarities between the HF biocides DBNPA and glutaraldehyde. The microbial community responded to DBNPA differently in HF-impacted versus HF-unimpacted microcosms in terms of the number of 16S rRNA gene copies quantified, alpha and beta diversity, and differential abundance analyses of microbial community composition through time. The differences in microbial community changes affected degradation dynamics. HF-impacted microbial communities were more sensitive to DBNPA, causing the biocide and by-products of the degradation to persist for longer than in HF-unimpacted microcosms. A total of 17 DBNPA by-products were detected, many of them not widely known as DBNPA by-products. Many of the brominated by-products detected that are believed to be uncharacterized may pose environmental and health impacts. Similar taxa were able to tolerate glutaraldehyde and DBNPA; however, DBNPA was not as effective for microbial control, as indicated by a smaller overall decrease of 16S rRNA gene copies/ml after exposure to the biocide, and a more diverse set of taxa was able to tolerate it. These findings suggest that past HF activity in streams can affect the microbial community response to environmental perturbation such as that caused by the biocide DBNPA.IMPORTANCE Unconventional oil and gas activity can affect pH, total organic carbon, and microbial communities in surface water, altering their ability to respond to new environmental and/or anthropogenic perturbations. These findings demonstrate that 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), a common hydraulic fracturing (HF) biocide, affects microbial communities differently as a consequence of past HF exposure, persisting longer in HF-impacted (HF+) waters. These findings also demonstrate that DBNPA has low efficacy in environmental microbial communities regardless of HF impact. These findings are of interest, as understanding microbial responses is key for formulating remediation strategies in unconventional oil and gas (UOG)-impacted environments. Moreover, some DBNPA degradation by-products are even more toxic and recalcitrant than DBNPA itself, and this work identifies novel brominated degradation by-products formed.