The anaerobic biosynthesis of vitamin B12
The anaerobic biosynthesis of vitamin B12
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DOI：
10.1042/bst20120066
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Warren, Martin J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moore, Simon J.;Warren, Martin J.
维生素B-12(钴胺)是一种含钴的修饰四吡咯，是高等动物的必需营养素。它的生物合成仅限于某些细菌，需要大约30个酶步骤才能完成从头构建。值得注意的是，存在两种不同的生物合成途径，称为好氧途径和厌氧途径。由于其氧敏感中间体的内在不稳定性，厌氧途径尚未得到充分的表征。巨大芽孢杆菌是一种以前用于商业生产钴胺的细菌，它有一个完整的厌氧途径，现在正在通过应用重组蛋白生产的最新进展来研究厌氧B-12途径。本文对厌氧途径的最新研究成果进行了综述，并展望了未来的发展前景。
Vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) is a cobalt-containing modified tetrapyrrole that is an essential nutrient for higher animals. Its biosynthesis is restricted to certain bacteria and requires approximately 30 enzymatic steps for its complete de novo construction. Remarkably, two distinct biosynthetic pathways exist, which are termed the aerobic and anaerobic routes. The anaerobic pathway has yet to be fully characterized due to the inherent instability of its oxygen-sensitive intermediates. Bacillus megaterium, a bacterium previously used for the commercial production of cobalamin, has a complete anaerobic pathway and this organism is now being used to investigate the anaerobic B-12 pathway through the application of recent advances in recombinant protein production. The present paper provides a summary of recent findings in the anaerobic pathway and future perspectives.