Fusarium damage in small cereal grains from Western Canada. 2. Occurrence of fusarium toxins and their source organisms in durum wheat harvested in 2010.
Fusarium damage in small cereal grains from Western Canada. 2. Occurrence of fusarium toxins and their source organisms in durum wheat harvested in 2010.
复制标题
加拿大西部小谷物中镰刀菌的损害。
DOI：
10.1021/jf400652e
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
T. Gräfenhan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Tittlemier;M. Roscoe;R. Trelka;D. Gaba;Jason M Chan;S. Patrick;M. Sulyok;R. Krska;T. McKendry;T. Gräfenhan
2010 年收获的加拿大西部琥珀硬粒小麦样品是作为加拿大谷物委员会收获样品计划的一部分获得的，并根据加拿大指南进行了检查和分级。对镰刀菌属损坏的样品的子集进行了镰刀菌属物种以及与这些物种相关的霉菌毒素的分析，包括脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和其他单端孢霉烯族化合物、念珠菌素、恩尼亚汀和白僵菌素。总体而言，Fusarium avenaceum 和 F. graminearum 是最常见的两个物种。样品中还观察到了 Phaeosphaeria nodorum（又名 Septoria nodorum）、F. culmorum、F. poae、F. acuminatum 和 F. sporotrichioides。所有进行霉菌毒素分析的样品都含有可定量浓度的恩尼亚汀，而大约 75% 的样品中检测到了白僵菌素、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和念珠菌素。镰刀菌损坏的样品中恩尼亚汀加白僵菌素的浓度范围为 0.011 至 34.2 mg/kg，脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇高达 4.7 mg/kg，串珠福明高达 6.36 mg/kg。恩尼亚汀、白僵菌素和念珠菌素浓度与各种镰刀菌属物种发生情况的比较表明，存在一个感染阈值，高于该阈值，这些新出现的霉菌毒素就会以较高的浓度存在。当前受镰刀菌损坏的籽粒的分级因子控制着谷物中这些新出现的霉菌毒素的浓度；恩尼亚汀、白僵菌素和念珠菌素浓度最高的样品被指定为较低的临时等级。
Samples of Canadian western amber durum harvested in 2010 were obtained as part of the Canadian Grain Commission Harvest Sample Program, inspected, and graded according to Canadian guidelines. A subset of Fusarium -damaged samples were analyzed for Fusarium species as well as mycotoxins associated with these species, including deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes, moniliformin, enniatins, and beauvericin. Overall, Fusarium avenaceum and F. graminearum were the top two most frequently recovered species. Phaeosphaeria nodorum (a.k.a. Septoria nodorum ), F. culmorum , F. poae , F. acuminatum , and F. sporotrichioides were observed in samples as well. All samples analyzed for mycotoxins contained quantifiable concentrations of enniatins, whereas beauvericin, deoxynivalenol, and moniliformin were measured in approximately 75% of the samples. Concentrations in Fusarium -damaged samples ranged from 0.011 to 34.2 mg/kg of enniatins plus beauvericin, up to 4.7 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol, and up to 6.36 mg/kg of moniliformin. Comparisons of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin concentrations to the occurrence of various Fusarium species suggest the existence of an infection threshold above which these emerging mycotoxins are present at higher concentrations. The current grading factor of Fusarium -damaged kernels manages concentrations of these emerging mycotoxins in grain; lower provisional grades were assigned to samples that contained the highest concentrations of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin.