A review of Australia's Large Igneous Provinces and associated mineral systems: Implications for mantle dynamics through geological time
A review of Australia's Large Igneous Provinces and associated mineral systems: Implications for mantle dynamics through geological time
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DOI：
10.1016/j.oregeorev.2012.04.007
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发表时间：
2012-10
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
F. Pirajno;D. Hoatson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Pirajno;D. Hoatson
澳大利亚的大型火成岩省(嘴唇)几乎跨越了整个地球的地质历史，从太古宙早期到近代。澳大利亚大陆的嘴唇以大陆溢流玄武岩、大洋高原的碎片、火山裂谷边缘、层状镁铁质-超镁铁质侵入体、地台杂岩、岩墙群和硅质为主的火山岩省为代表。在过去的十年左右，几位地质学家开始关注澳大利亚的嘴唇，主要是从其矿产潜力的角度，特别是在澳大利亚中部西马斯格雷夫省发现Nebo-Babel镍-铜-铂矿之后。Wingate等人。(2004a)宣布了一个新的LIP(约1070 Ma Warakurna，沿东西走向延伸近1500公里)，进一步推进了LIP的编目工作，这是基于对镁铁质岩床和岩墙中斜纹石测年的结果。嘴唇的名单增加了包括其他著名的火成岩省份，如Fortescue，Hart-Carson，Kalkarindji(以前称为Antrim高原火山)和各种岩墙群(例如，Widgiemooltha，Marnda Moorn，Gairdner)。本伯里玄武岩虽然只覆盖了纳图拉里角-勒温半岛的一小块区域，但由于其与印度洋巨大的科尔盖伦高原的年龄联系，加入了嘴唇的名单。正如世界级的Nebo-Babel矿床(含金属1Mt)以及在西马斯格雷夫和金伯利地区的进一步发现所表明的那样，这些地区的嘴唇具有良好的矿产潜力。就正岩浆矿物系统而言，选择区域或特定的侵入体需要注重痕量和主要元素的地球化学趋势，以便将可能未经历硫饱和的镁铁质-超镁铁质侵入体从地壳污染等过程中经历硫饱和的侵入体中筛选出来。此外，还必须考虑可能由于热能输入而产生的热液矿物系统，这些热能输入与镁铁质-超镁铁质岩浆侵入地壳有关，西马斯格雷夫省最近的发现证明了这一点。在澳大利亚东部，白垩纪早期的怀特桑迪火山省是已知的最大的硅质唇部，可与南美洲的Chon Aike硅质唇部相媲美。与惠特桑代省相关的矿产潜力尚未得到充分评估。同样，邦伯里、塔斯曼榴辉岩和卡尔卡林吉火山-深成岩省的矿产潜力也鲜为人知，有待充分勘探。我们通过提供与唇部侵位相关的地壳和地幔动力学的简短回顾来结束我们的贡献。
Australia's Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) span almost the entire Earth's geological history, ranging from Early Archean to Recent. LIPs in continental Australia are represented by continental flood basalts, fragments of oceanic plateaux, volcanic rifted margins, layered mafic–ultramafic intrusions, sill complexes, dyke swarms and silicic-dominated volcanic provinces. In the last decade or so, several geologists have started to focus on LIPs in Australia, mainly from the perspective of their mineral potential, particularly after the discovery of the Nebo–Babel Ni–Cu–PGE deposit in the West Musgrave Province, central Australia. Wingate et al. (2004a) further advanced the inventory of LIPs with the announcement of a new LIP (ca. 1070Ma Warakurna, extending for nearly 1500km along an E–W trend), based on U–Pb dating of baddeleyite from mafic sills and dykes. The list of LIPs increased by including other well-known igneous provinces, such as the Fortescue, Hart-Carson, Kalkarindji (formerly known as Antrim Plateau Volcanics) and various dyke swarms (e.g., Widgiemooltha, Marnda Moorn, Gairdner). The Bunbury Basalt, although only covering a small area in the Cape Naturaliste–Cape Leeuwin Peninsula, joined the list of LIPs, due to its age links with the huge Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian Ocean. As indicated by the world-class Nebo–Babel deposit (>1Mt contained metal) and further discoveries in the West Musgrave and in the Kimberley region, the LIPs in these regions have good mineral potential. In the case of orthomagmatic mineral systems, the selection of areas or specific intrusions requires focusing on trace- and major-element geochemical trends to filter out mafic–ultramafic intrusions that may not have undergone sulphur saturation from those that have experienced sulphur saturation from processes, such as crustal contamination. In addition, consideration must be given to hydrothermal mineral systems that may have been generated as a result of thermal energy inputs, related to the emplacement into the crust of mafic–ultramafic magmas, as exemplified by recent discoveries in the West Musgrave Province. In eastern Australia, the Early Cretaceous Whitsunday volcanic province, is the largest known silicic LIP and comparable to the Chon Aike silicic LIP in South America. The mineral potential associated with the Whitsunday province is as yet not fully assessed. Similarly, the mineral potential for the Bunbury, Tasman Dolerite and Kalkarindji volcano-plutonic provinces is poorly known and yet to be fully explored. We conclude our contribution by providing a short review of crustal and mantle dynamics associated with LIP emplacement.