The effects of acute stress on the calibration of persistence.
The effects of acute stress on the calibration of persistence.
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急性压力对持久性校准的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.11.001
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Kable,JosephW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lempert,KarolinaM;McGuire,JosephT;Hazeltine,DanielleB;Phelps,ElizabethA;Kable,JosephW
人们在选择奖励后常常无法等待延迟的奖励。这些偏好逆转有时被认为反映了自我控制失败。然而，其他时候，继续等待延迟的奖励可能会适得其反（例如，当奖励时间不确定性很高时）。研究表明，人们可以调整在给定环境中等待奖励的时间。因此，自我控制的作用可能是整合有关环境的信息以灵活地适应行为，而不仅仅是促进等待。在这里，我们测试了急性压力（已被证明对税收控制过程）对年轻人参与者的持久性和持久性校准的影响。一半参与者 (n = 60) 执行的任务中坚持性是最佳的，另一半 (n = 60) 执行的任务中每次试验开始后立即停止等待奖励是最佳的。每个参与者在冷加压压力或无压力下完成了任务。压力不会影响持久性或持久性的最佳校准。然而，一项探索性分析揭示了压力组中皮质醇增加和表现之间的“倒U”关系，这表明选择适应性等待策略可能会在一些压力下得到促进，但在严重压力下可能会受到损害。
People frequently fail to wait for delayed rewards after choosing them. These preference reversals are sometimes thought to reflect self-control failure. Other times, however, continuing to wait for a delayed reward may be counterproductive (e.g., when reward timing uncertainty is high). Research has demonstrated that people can calibrate how long to wait for rewards in a given environment. Thus, the role of self-control might be to integrate information about the environment to flexibly adapt behavior, not merely to promote waiting. Here we tested effects of acute stress, which has been shown to tax control processes, on persistence, and the calibration of persistence, in young adult human participants. Half the participants (n = 60) performed a task in which persistence was optimal, and the other half (n = 60) performed a task in which it was optimal to quit waiting for reward soon after each trial began. Each participant completed the task either after cold pressor stress or no stress. Stress did not influence persistence or optimal calibration of persistence. Nevertheless, an exploratory analysis revealed an “inverted-U” relationship between cortisol increase and performance in the stress groups, suggesting that choosing the adaptive waiting policy may be facilitated with some stress and impaired with severe stress.