THE BEHAVIORAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FRILL AND HORN MORPHOLOGY IN CERATOPSIAN DINOSAURS
THE BEHAVIORAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FRILL AND HORN MORPHOLOGY IN CERATOPSIAN DINOSAURS
复制标题
角龙的褶边和角形态的行为意义
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1975
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Dodson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Farlow;P. Dodson
角龙，或称有角恐龙，呈现出一系列引人注目的头骨形状（Lull，1933）。就像鸭嘴龙（Lull and Wright，1942）一样，角龙类的不同物种主要是根据头骨特征来识别的。这些是否是现代意义上的生物物种（迈尔，1969）是值得怀疑的（同样是鸭嘴龙;多德森，1974），但是即使每个属只有一个物种是有效的，并且一些目前公认的属最终被证明是同种的，角龙类仍然显示出相当大的头骨多样性（图1）。科尔伯特（Colbert，1948，1961）对这种多样性感到困惑：“为什么有些角龙只有一个鼻角，而有些角龙除了鼻角之外还有很大的眉角？为什么有的角是直的，有的角是弯的？为什么褶边有些是实心的，有些是穿孔的，为什么褶边要用尖刺、扇贝和旋钮来装饰？“（科尔伯特，1961：176）。他将角龙类的情况与现存非洲牛科动物的情况进行了比较，并提出角和褶边的形状不如它们的存在重要，即各种颅骨类型是独立进化的，但或多或少都令人满意，解决了同一问题。对科尔伯特来说，这个问题是抵抗捕食者。然而，最近的研究（Geist，1966年，1971年; Schaffer和Reed，1972年）表明，
The Ceratopsia, or horned dinosaurs, present a remarkable array of skull shapes (Lull, 1933). As in hadrosaurs (Lull and Wright, 1942), different species of ceratopsians have been recognized largely on the basis of cranial characters. Whether these were biological species in the modern sense (Mayr, 1969) is questionable (again as in hadrosaurs; Dodson, 1974), but even if only a single species per genus is valid and some of the currently recognized genera are ultimately shown to be conspecific, ceratopsians still show considerable cranial diversity (Fig. 1). Colbert (1948, 1961) was puzzled by this diversity: "Why should some ceratopsians have a single nasal horn, while others have large brow horns in addition to the nasal horn? Why should the horns be straight in some and curved in others? Why should the frill be solid in some and perforated in others, and why should the frill be so variously decorated with spikes and scallops and knobs?" (Colbert, 1961: 176). He compared the situation in ceratopsians with that seen in extant African bovids, and suggested that the shape of horns and frills was less important than their presence-s-that the various cranial types were independently-evolved, but more or less equally satisfactory, solutions to the same problem. For Colbert, this problem was resisting predators. Recent studies (Geist, 1966, 1971; Schaffer and Reed, 1972), however, have demonstrated that the chief function of