A half-day flowering pattern helps plants sharing pollinators in an oceanic island community
A half-day flowering pattern helps plants sharing pollinators in an oceanic island community
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半天开花模式有助于植物在海洋岛屿社区中分享授粉者
DOI：
10.1017/s0266467421000055
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Xiangping Wang;Tong Zeng;Ming-Jou Wu;Dianxiang Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xiangping Wang;Tong Zeng;Ming-Jou Wu;Dianxiang Zhang
花开放和关闭的时间模式是许多植物物种的生物学特征，特别是那些居住在海洋岛屿上的植物，那里的开花通常每天只持续几个小时。此外，访花者经常及时寻找不同的花源，因此相互作用的相对时间对于它们在授粉竞争中的地位或促进共享传粉者的共花植物之间的授粉至关重要。然而，很少有研究研究的影响，每日的时间变化开花模式的传粉网络和竞争的社区规模。为了研究花开和花闭的日变化模式是否能影响种间相互作用，对一个海岛群落（中国南海帕拉塞尔群岛）的植物-传粉者相互作用网络（AM子网和PM子网）进行了量化，并利用访问频率的Bray-Curtis相异度比较了两个子网之间的相关相互作用。通过计算每个植物和传粉者物种的物种水平专业化和物种强度，评估了网络内物种的作用及其在两个子网之间的变化。上午和下午的子集之间的数量植物传粉相互作用的差异为0.69，这个值下降到0.58时，考虑到植物物种全天开花。在我们的研究中，这两个子网之间的差异可能是由早晨的高峰活动，而不是对早晨花的偏好。在群落水平上，从上午到下午全天开花的植物的种级专门化和种强度没有显著差异。对于大多数全天开花植物，中华蜜蜂的访花率在上午和下午之间没有显著差异。而只在上午开花和下午开花的植物，其被A. cerana。在一天内，在所研究的社区的植物共享的传粉者的访问率的变化的分析表明，每天的结构在一个社区水平和半天的交错开花在上午或下午可能会减少在海洋岛屿栖息地的竞争相互作用。
The temporal pattern of flower opening and closure is a feature of the biology of many plant species, particularly those inhabiting oceanic islands where flowering generally lasts for only a few hours per day. Additionally, flower visitors often seek different floral sources on a timely basis, thus the relative timing of interactions is central to their status in pollination competition, or in the facilitation of pollination among co-flowering plants sharing pollinators. However, few studies have examined the impacts of daily temporal variation in flowering patterns on the pollinator network and competition on a community scale. In order to examine whether the daily pattern of flower opening and closure can impose temporal dynamics on interspecific interactions within a single day, plant–pollinator interaction networks (AM subweb and PM subweb) were quantified, and the relevant interactions between the two subwebs were compared using the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity of visitation frequencies in an oceanic island community (Paracel Islands, South China Sea). The role of species within networks and its variation between two subwebs were assessed by calculating the species-level specialization and species strength of each plant and pollinator species. The quantitative plant–pollinator interaction dissimilarity between morning and afternoon subsets was 0.69, and this value dropped to 0.58 when considering plant species flowering throughout the day. In our study, this dissimilarity between the two subwebs might be explained by the morning peak activity rather than a preference for morning flowers. No significant differences were detected in the species-level specialization and species strength of plants flowering all day from morning to afternoon at the community level. The flower visitation rates of native honeybee Apis cerana were not significantly different between morning and afternoon for most of the whole-day flowering plants. However, plant species only flowering either in the morning or the afternoon differed in the rate of visitation by A. cerana. The analyses of variation in the visitation rates of pollinators shared by plants within a single day in the studied community suggest that daily structuring at a community level and half-day staggered flowering during the morning or afternoon might reduce competitive interactions in oceanic insular habitats.