An Asian origin for a 10,000-year-old domesticated plant in the Americas
An Asian origin for a 10,000-year-old domesticated plant in the Americas
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0509279102
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发表时间：
2005-12-20
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Tuross, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erickson, DL;Smith, BD;Tuross, N
新的遗传学和考古学方法极大地提高了我们对农业转型的理解，这是人类历史上的一个重大转折点，始于10,000-5,000年前，在世界八个地区独立驯化动植物。然而，在美洲，对新大陆物种最初驯化的理解长期以来因一种非洲谜团--葫芦(Lagenaria Siceraria)的早期存在而变得复杂。它原产于非洲，比现在(B.P.)早9000-8000人到达东亚在这里，我们结合遗传学和考古学的方法来解决关于瓶葫芦引入美洲的一系列长期存在的核心问题。它是直接从非洲还是通过亚洲到达新大陆的？它是由人类还是洋流输送的？到达时它是野生的还是驯化的？果皮厚值和考古标本的加速器质谱仪放射性碳测年表明，瓶装葫芦在公元前10,000年前作为驯化植物出现在美洲，使其成为新大陆最早的驯化植物之一。对考古葫芦标本的古代DNA序列分析以及与现代亚洲和非洲地方品种的比较表明，亚洲是其传入的来源。我们认为，葫芦和狗这两个“实用”物种早在任何粮食作物或牲畜物种之前就被驯化了，这两个物种都是在殖民新大陆时由古印度人带到美洲的。
New genetic and archaeological approaches have substantially improved our understanding of the transition to agriculture, a major turning point in human history that began 10,000-5,000 years ago with the independent domestication of plants and animals in eight world regions. In the Americas, however, understanding the initial domestication of New World species has long been complicated by the early presence of an African enigma, the bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria). Indigenous to Africa, it reached East Asia by 9,000-8,000 before present (B.P.) and had a broad New World distribution by 8,000 B.P. Here we integrate genetic and archaeological approaches to address a set of long-standing core questions regarding the introduction of the bottle gourd into the Americas. Did it reach the New World directly from Africa or through Asia? Was it transported by humans or ocean currents? Was it wild or domesticated upon arrival? Fruit rind thickness values and accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon dating of archaeological specimens indicate that the bottle gourd was present in the Americas as a domesticated plant by 10,000 B.P., placing it among the earliest domesticates in the New World. Ancient DNA sequence analysis of archaeological bottle gourd specimens and comparison with modern Asian and African landraces identify Asia as the source of its introduction. We suggest that the bottle gourd and the dog, two "utility" species, were domesticated long before any food crops or livestock species, and that both were brought to the Americas by Paleoindian populations as they colonized the New World.