Double dissociation between familiarity and recollection in Parkinson's disease as a function of encoding tasks
Double dissociation between familiarity and recollection in Parkinson's disease as a function of encoding tasks
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.10.013
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发表时间：
2010-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Davidson, Patrick S. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohn, Melanie;Moscovitch, Morris;Davidson, Patrick S. R.
帕金森病（PD）与情景记忆缺陷有关，但其确切性质尚不清楚。一些双过程研究表明，PD患者的回忆受损，熟悉度受损，但另一些研究则发现情况恰恰相反。我们的目的是研究PD的这些记忆过程，并确定现有研究结果之间的不一致性是否与编码条件的差异有关。我们使用单词对的过程分离程序来估计熟悉度和回忆。在实验1中，我们使用了一个有向的、深度的、关系的编码条件（即句子生成），在实验2中，我们将这个编码条件与一个较浅的、非有向的编码条件（即阅读条件）进行了对比。我们发现编码任务具有双重解离的功能：在句子生成编码条件下，PD患者的回忆受到损害，但熟悉度没有受到损害。相比之下，在阅读编码条件下，PD组在回忆方面没有组间差异，但熟悉程度受损。受试者内部比较显示，对照组和PD参与者都受益于提供定向的、深度的关系编码策略。然而，这种益处在对照组中表现为回忆的增加，但在PD患者中表现为熟悉度的增加。这些发现有助于调和现有文献，并表明PD的情景记忆缺陷是双重的，包括：(1)难以独立实例化编码策略，导致熟悉性缺陷；(2)当编码策略在组间相等时，记忆受损。我们的研究结果强调了控制组间编码条件的重要性，并考虑了可能影响参与者表现的其他变量，例如与正常衰老相关的缺陷，这可能掩盖了特定情况下神经退行性疾病的缺陷。更一般地说，我们的研究提出了这样一种可能性，即患者群体的回忆或熟悉程度的缺陷并不像通常假设的那样与受影响的结构永恒地联系在一起，而是这种缺陷可能与编码类型相互作用，并且可能与检索过程的性质有关。(C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with episodic memory deficits, but their exact nature is unclear. Some dual-process studies have suggested that recollection is impaired and familiarity is spared in PD, yet others have found the opposite. Our goal was to investigate these memory processes in PD and determine whether the inconsistency among existing findings is related to differences in encoding conditions. We used a process-dissociation procedure with word pairs to estimate familiarity and recollection. In Experiment 1, we used a directed, deep, relational encoding condition (i.e., sentence generation), and in Experiment 2, we contrasted this encoding condition with a shallower, non-directed encoding condition (i.e., read condition). We found a double dissociation as a function of the encoding task: In the sentence generation encoding condition, recollection was impaired in the PD patients, but familiarity was spared. In contrast, in the read encoding condition, there was no group difference in recollection, but familiarity was impaired in the PD group. Within-subject comparisons revealed that both control and PD participants benefitted from the provision of a directed, deep relational encoding strategy. However, this benefit was manifested as an increase in recollection in the controls, but an increase in familiarity in the PD patients. These findings help to reconcile the extant literature and suggest that episodic memory deficits in PD are two-fold, involving: (1) difficulties instantiating encoding strategies independently, leading to deficits in familiarity, and (2) impaired recollection when encoding strategies are equated across groups. Our results highlight the importance of controlling encoding conditions between groups and of taking account of other variables that may influence the participants' performance, such as deficits associated with normal aging, which may mask deficits in neurodegenerative diseases in particular situations. More generally, our study raises the possibility that deficits in recollection or familiarity in patient populations are not immutably linked to the structure that is affected, as is typically assumed, but that such deficits may interact with type of encoding, and possibly with the nature of the retrieval process. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.