Drivers are blamed more than their automated cars when both make mistakes
Drivers are blamed more than their automated cars when both make mistakes
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DOI：
10.1038/s41562-019-0762-8
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发表时间：
2020-02-01
影响因子：
29.9
通讯作者：
Rahwan, Iyad
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Awad, Edmond;Levine, Sydney;Rahwan, Iyad
当一辆自动驾驶汽车伤害了某人时，谁会被听到它的人责怪？在五项研究中，Awad等人发现，当驾驶员和自动汽车都犯错误时，他们受到的指责比自动驾驶汽车更多。当自动驾驶汽车伤害了某人时，谁会受到听说此事的人的指责？在这里，我们要求人类参与者考虑假设的情况下，一个行人被一辆由一个主要和一个次要司机共同控制的汽车撞死，并指出应该如何分配责任。我们发现，当只有一个司机犯了错误，司机受到更多的指责，无论司机是机器还是人。然而，在人机共享控制车辆的情况下，当两名驾驶员都犯错误时，归咎于机器的责任减少了。这一发现预示着公众对自动汽车的人工智能部件故障反应不足，因此具有直接的政策含义：允许陪审团制度在法庭上建立共享控制车辆的事实标准可能无法适当监管这些车辆的安全性;相反，可能需要一个自上而下的计划（通过联邦法律）。
When an automated car harms someone, who is blamed by those who hear about it? Over five studies, Awad et al. find that drivers are blamed more than their automated cars when both make mistakes.When an automated car harms someone, who is blamed by those who hear about it? Here we asked human participants to consider hypothetical cases in which a pedestrian was killed by a car operated under shared control of a primary and a secondary driver and to indicate how blame should be allocated. We find that when only one driver makes an error, that driver is blamed more regardless of whether that driver is a machine or a human. However, when both drivers make errors in cases of human-machine shared-control vehicles, the blame attributed to the machine is reduced. This finding portends a public under-reaction to the malfunctioning artificial intelligence components of automated cars and therefore has a direct policy implication: allowing the de facto standards for shared-control vehicles to be established in courts by the jury system could fail to properly regulate the safety of those vehicles; instead, a top-down scheme (through federal laws) may be called for.