Patterns in the assembly of temperate forests around the Northern Hemisphere
Patterns in the assembly of temperate forests around the Northern Hemisphere
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2004.1538
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发表时间：
2004-10-29
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Smith, SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donoghue, MJ;Smith, SA
最近对北半球生物地理学的研究强调了植物与动物分离模式之间潜在的显著差异。为了评估这些差异，我们收集了大量相关植物系统发育的样本，从中可以推断出分离模式、祖先区域和运动方向。我们研究了66个植物分支，这些分支的物种在东亚（EA）、欧洲（包括西南亚）、北美东部（ENA）和/或北美西部（WNA）都有不同的特有种。在这些分支中，我们专注于这些主要区域之间的100个脱节，其中33个也已经推断出绝对分歧时间。我们的分析支持这样的观点，即EA和ENA之间的分离在植物中非常普遍，显然比在动物中更为普遍。与动物相比，我们发现EA和WNA之间几乎没有脱节，这与WNA的灭绝增加或一些群体未能在该地区定居一致。从表面上看，我们的数据也支持这样一种观点，即许多温带森林植物群起源于EA并在EA内多样化，随后在不同时间迁出亚洲，但主要是在最近30亿年间。这使得白令陆桥比北大西洋陆桥更有利于成为连接旧大陆和新世界的主要通道。需要进一步的研究，特别是评估差异灭绝对这些模式的影响，更自信地确定分化时间，并评估这些发现的统计意义。幸运的是，更多的植物类群显示出相关的分离模式，可能很快就会被添加到这样的分析中。
Recent studies of Northern Hemisphere biogeography have highlighted potentially significant differences between disjunction patterns in plants versus animals. To assess such differences, we compiled a larger sample of relevant plant phylogenies from which disjunction patterns, ancestral areas and directions of movement could be inferred. We considered 66 plant clades with species variously endemic today to eastern Asia (EA), Europe (including southwestern Asia), eastern North America (ENA), and/or western North America (WNA). Within these clades we focused on 100 disjunctions among these major areas, for 33 of which absolute divergence times have also been inferred. Our analyses uphold the view that disjunctions between EA and ENA are exceptionally common in plants, apparently more so than in animals. Compared with animals, we find few disjunctions between EA and WNA, consistent with increased extinction in WNA or failure of some groups to colonize that region. Taken at face value, our data also support the view that many temperate forest plant groups originated and diversified within EA, followed by movement out of Asia at different times, but mostly during the last 30 Myr. This favours Beringia over a North Atlantic land bridge as the primary path between the Old World and the New World. Additional studies are needed, especially to evaluate the impacts of differential extinction on these patterns, to more confidently establish divergence times, and to assess the statistical significance of these findings. Fortunately, many more plant groups show relevant disjunction patterns and could soon be added to such analyses.