Epidemiology of mental disorders in childhood and adolescence: Prevalence, course, comorbidity and gender differences
Epidemiology of mental disorders in childhood and adolescence: Prevalence, course, comorbidity and gender differences
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DOI：
10.1026//0033-3042.53.4.159
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Esser, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ihle, W;Esser, G
在本文中，我们打算提供一个概述的儿童和青少年精神障碍的发展流行病学的现状。患病率估计值的中位数为18%，其中3/4的患病率估计值在15%至22%之间。儿童和青少年的精神障碍与成人一样常见。最常见的障碍是焦虑症，平均患病率为10.4%，其次是行为障碍，平均患病率为7.5%。精神障碍的总体持续率高达50%，行为障碍表现出最不利的课程。多动障碍最常见的共病是品行障碍，抑郁障碍最常见的共病是焦虑症。在13岁之前，精神障碍在男孩中更为普遍，在青春期，男女的发病率相似。男孩表现出较高的外化障碍率，而女孩表现出较高的饮食失调率。内化障碍显示性别比例随着时间的推移而变化。从青春期后期开始，这些疾病在女性中的发病率是男性的两倍，而学龄期抑郁症在男孩中更常见。研究结果表明，迫切需要加强儿童和青少年的预防和干预研究。
In this paper we intend to provide an overview on the current state of developmental epidemiology of mental disorders in childhood and adolescence. Median rate of prevalence estimates was 18 % with 3/4 of prevalence estimates ranging between 15 % and 22 %. Mental disorders in children and adolescents are as frequent as those in adults. the most frequent disorders were anxiety disorders with a mean prevalence rate of 10.4 %, followed by conduct disorders with a mean prevalence rate of 7.5 %. The overall persistence of mental disorders was as high as 50 %, with conduct disorders showing the most unfavourable courses. The most frequent comorbid conditions of hyperkinetic disorders are conduct disorders, and the most frequent comorbid conditions of depressive disorders are anxiety disorders. Until age 13, mental disorders are more prevalent in boys, prevalences become similar for both sexes in adolescence. Boys showed higher rates of externalizing disorders, whereas girls showed higher rates of eating disorders. Internalizing disorders showed a change in sex ratios over time. From late adolescence onwards, these disorders are twice as common in women, whereas at school age depression is more common in boys. The findings show the urgent need for strengthening prevention and intervention research in childhood and adolescence.