THE CHANGING PATTERNS OF SYSTEMIC FLUORIDE INTAKE
THE CHANGING PATTERNS OF SYSTEMIC FLUORIDE INTAKE
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DOI：
10.1177/00220345920710051601
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发表时间：
1992-05-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
BURT, BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BURT, BA
自20世纪30 - 40年代以来，氟中毒在北美的流行率有所增加。自1970年以来，它也可能有所增加，尽管证据不太清楚。继续监测将有助于确定美国儿童氟中毒患病率的增加是否是20世纪70年代的队列效应。本综述考虑了自20世纪70年代以来所有来源的氟化物摄入量增加的证据。如果发生增加，最可能的来源是氟化物膳食补充剂，无意中吞咽含氟牙膏，以及食物和饮料中的氟化物增加。对于成年人来说，饮食调查没有证据表明上一代人的氟化物摄入量有所增加。对6个月至2岁儿童的饮食调查也同样没有结论，尽管各种婴儿食品中氟含量的巨大差异可能掩盖了真实的影响。关于儿童从食物和饮料（包括婴儿食品）中摄入氟化物的数据还不足以得出自20世纪70年代以来氟化物摄入量增加的结论。然而，许多儿童通过从食物和饮料（每天0.2-0.3毫克）以及含氟牙膏（每天0.2 - 0.3毫克）中摄入氟化物，基本上达到了建议的氟化物摄入量上限。这次审查产生的两个公共卫生问题是：（a）需要向下修订氟化物补充剂的时间表，（B）关于软饮料和加工果汁中高氟化物浓度的可能性的教育。
Fluorosis prevalence has increased in North America since the 1930's-1940's. It may also have increased since 1970, though the evidence for that is less clear. Continued monitoring will help determine whether increased fluorosis prevalence in children in the United States is a cohort effect from the 1970's. This review considers the evidence for an increase in fluoride ingestion from all sources since the 1970's. If an increase has occurred, the most likely sources are fluoride dietary supplements, inadvertent swallowing of fluoride toothpastes, and increased fluoride in food and beverages. For adults, there is no evidence from dietary surveys to show that fluoride intake has increased over the last generation. Dietary surveys for children aged six months to two years are similarly inconclusive, though the great variation in fluoride content of various infant foods might be obscuring real effects. The data on fluoride intake by children from food and beverages, infant foods included, are not strong enough to conclude that an increase in fluoride ingestion has occurred since the 1970's. However, the suggested upper limit of fluoride intake is substantially being reached in many children by ingestion of fluoride from food and drink (0.2-0.3 mg per day) and from fluoride toothpaste (0.2-0.3 mg per day). Two public health issues that arise from this review are: (a) the need for a downward revision in the schedule for fluoride supplementation, and (b) education on the potential for high fluoride concentration of soft drinks and processed fruit juices.