Towards Self-Powered Nanosystems: From Nanogenerators to Nanopiezotronics
Towards Self-Powered Nanosystems: From Nanogenerators to Nanopiezotronics
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DOI：
10.1002/adfm.200800541
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发表时间：
2008-11-24
影响因子：
19
通讯作者：
Wang, Zhong Lin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wang, Zhong Lin
开发无线纳米器件和纳米系统对于传感、医学科学、国防技术甚至个人电子产品至关重要。对于无线设备，甚至对于植入的生物医学设备，高度期望它们能够在不使用电池的情况下自供电。必须探索创新的纳米技术，将机械能（如身体运动，肌肉拉伸），振动能（如声波或超声波）和液压能（如体液）转化为电能，这将用于在没有电池的情况下为纳米设备供电。这是迈向自供电纳米系统的关键一步。我们已经证明了一种创新的方法，通过压电氧化锌纳米线（NW）阵列将机械能转化为电能。发电机的运行机制依赖于ZnO压电和半导体特性的独特耦合以及金属尖端和NW之间形成的肖特基势垒的门控效应。基于这一机制，我们最近开发了一种由生物流体中的超声波驱动的直流纳米发电机（NG）和一种基于纺织纤维的NG，用于收集低频机械能。此外，一个新的领域，“纳米压电电子学”，已经开发出来，它使用耦合的压电半导体性能制造新颖独特的电子器件和组件。这篇专题文章系统地描述了NG的基本机制，其高输出功率的合理创新设计，以及基于压电驱动半导体工艺的新电子产品。将对这些技术的未来影响进行展望。
Developing wireless nanodevices and nanosystems are of critical importance for sensing, medical science, defense technology, and even personal electronics. It is highly desirable for wireless devices and even required for implanted biomedical devices that they be self-powered without use of a battery. It is essential to explore innovative nanotechnologies for converting mechanical energy (such as body movement, muscle stretching), vibrational energy (such as acoustic or ultrasonic waves), and hydraulic energy (such as body fluid now) into electrical energy, which will be used to power nanodevices without it battery. This is it key step towards self-powered nanosystems. We have demonstrated an innovative approach for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy by piezoelectric zinc oxide nanowire (NW) arrays. The operation mechanism of the electric generator relies on the unique coupling of the piezoelectric and semiconducting properties of ZnO as well as the gating effect of the Schottky barrier formed between the metal tip and the NW. Based oil this mechanism, we have recently developed a DC nanogenerator (NG) driven by the ultrasonic wave in a biofluid and a textile-fiber-based NG for harvesting low-frequency mechanical energy. Furthermore, a new field, "nanopiezotronics", has been developed, which uses coupled piezoelectric-semiconducting properties for fabricating novel and unique electronic devices and components. This Feature Article gives it systematic description of the fundamental mechanism of the NG, its rationally innovative design for high output power, and the new electronics that call be built based oil a piezoelectric-driven semiconducting process. A perspective will be given about the future impact of the technologies.