Function of the crocodilian anterior cruciate ligaments
Function of the crocodilian anterior cruciate ligaments
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DOI：
10.1002/jmor.21401
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发表时间：
2021-07
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
D. Suzuki;S. Yamakawa;M. Iijima;H. Fujie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Suzuki;S. Yamakawa;M. Iijima;H. Fujie
前交叉韧带（ACL）是防止胫骨前半脱位的重要膝关节稳定剂。现存的鳄鱼有两个ACL，大ACL和小ACL，但它们的功能作用尚不清楚。在此，我们使用6自由度的机器人测试系统，在以下载荷条件下，检测了咸水鳄（Crocodylus porosus）大、小前交叉韧带内的原位力：(a)在膝关节伸展150°、120°和90°时，胫骨前负荷为30 N；(b)膝关节伸展150°和120°时的1 Nm内/外扭矩；(c)在膝关节伸展150°和120°时，30 N胫骨前负荷+1 Nm内/外扭矩。在膝关节伸展90°时，小前交叉韧带的原位力明显高于大前交叉韧带，在膝关节伸展150°和120°时，胫骨前负荷+外扭矩均显著高于小前交叉韧带。同时，大前交叉韧带在120°膝关节伸入时的内扭矩和150°膝关节伸入时胫骨前负荷+内扭矩的响应力明显高于小前交叉韧带。结果表明，咸水鳄的前交叉韧带大小具有不同的功能。在胫骨前负荷+内/外扭矩的作用下，两个acl中的任何一个都会对相反方向的膝关节旋转产生反应。这表明两个前交叉韧带对于鳄鱼长轴旋转的膝盖行走是必不可少的。
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important knee stabilizer that prevents the anterior subluxation of the tibia. Extant crocodiles have two ACLs, the ACL major and minor, yet their functional roles are unclear. We here examined in‐situ forces within the ACL major and minor in saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) with a 6‐degree‐of‐freedom robotic testing system under the following loading conditions: (a) 30 N anterior tibial load at 150°, 120°, and 90° knee extension; (b) 1 Nm internal/external torque at 150° and 120° knee extension; (c) 30 N anterior tibial load +1 Nm internal/external torque at 150° and 120° knee extension. The In‐situ force in the ACL minor was significantly higher than that of the ACL major in response to anterior tibial load at 90° knee extension, and anterior tibial load + external torque at both 150° and 120° knee extension. Meanwhile, the force in the ACL major was significantly higher than that of the ACL minor in response to internal torque at 120° knee extension, and anterior tibial load + internal torque at 150° knee extension. The present results showed that the ACL minor and major of saltwater crocodiles have different functions. In response to anterior tibial load + internal/external torques, either of two ACLs reacted to opposing directions of knee rotation. These suggest that two ACLs are essential for walking with long axis rotation of the knee in crocodiles.