The syntax and meaning of wild gibbon songs.
The syntax and meaning of wild gibbon songs.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0000073
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发表时间：
2006-12-20
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zuberbühler K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clarke E;Reichard UH;Zuberbühler K
口语是人类将简单的语音单元组合成更复杂的话语的能力的结果，是语义信息的基本载体。关于这种行为的进化起源，我们所知不多。相比之下，非人类灵长类动物的发声能力相对来说并不令人印象深刻，而吉娃娃的歌声是一个罕见的例外。这些猿类将一整套的叫声组合成精心制作的歌曲，其功能是击退同种入侵者，宣传配对关系，吸引配偶。我们在泰国考艾国家公园对白手长臂猿进行了一系列野外实验，结果表明这种猿类也用歌声来保护自己免受捕食。我们比较了声学结构的捕食诱导的歌曲，定期的歌曲，作为他们的日常生活的一部分。捕食者诱导的歌曲是相同的，正常的歌曲在呼叫注意到剧目，但我们发现一致的差异，在如何组装成歌曲的音符。视线外接收者的反应表明，这些句法差异是有意义的同种。我们的研究提供了第一个证据的参考信号在一个自由放养的类人猿物种，基于通信系统，利用组合规则。
Spoken language is a result of the human capacity to assemble simple vocal units into more complex utterances, the basic carriers of semantic information. Not much is known about the evolutionary origins of this behaviour. The vocal abilities of non-human primates are relatively unimpressive in comparison, with gibbon songs being a rare exception. These apes assemble a repertoire of call notes into elaborate songs, which function to repel conspecific intruders, advertise pair bonds, and attract mates. We conducted a series of field experiments with white-handed gibbons at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, which showed that this ape species uses songs also to protect themselves against predation. We compared the acoustic structure of predatory-induced songs with regular songs that were given as part of their daily routine. Predator-induced songs were identical to normal songs in the call note repertoire, but we found consistent differences in how the notes were assembled into songs. The responses of out-of-sight receivers demonstrated that these syntactic differences were meaningful to conspecifics. Our study provides the first evidence of referential signalling in a free-ranging ape species, based on a communication system that utilises combinatorial rules.
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