Training changes processing of speech cues in older adults with hearing loss.
Training changes processing of speech cues in older adults with hearing loss.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnsys.2013.00097
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Kraus N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson S;White-Schwoch T;Choi HJ;Kraus N
衰老会导致感觉功能的丧失，而听力障碍的影响由于交流能力的降低而尤其具有破坏性。患有听力损失的老年人报告说，讲话，特别是在嘈杂的背景下，声音很大，但不清楚。听力损失导致语音的神经表征不平衡：缓慢变化的包络被增强，以快速变化的精细结构为代价在听觉通路和感知显着性中占主导地位。我们假设，老年听力损失的人可以通过训练来补偿这些变化，在中央听觉处理通过直接注意到行为相关的语音声音。为此，我们评估了听力正常和听力损失的老年人（55-79岁）的认知训练效果。训练后，听力损失的听觉训练组经历了噪声中语音包络的神经表征的减少，接近正常听力老年人中观察到的水平。对照组中未观察到变化。重要的是，语音处理的变化伴随着语音感知的改善。因此，与听力损失相关的中央处理缺陷可以通过训练得到部分补救，从而为日常交流带来实际益处。
Aging results in a loss of sensory function, and the effects of hearing impairment can be especially devastating due to reduced communication ability. Older adults with hearing loss report that speech, especially in noisy backgrounds, is uncomfortably loud yet unclear. Hearing loss results in an unbalanced neural representation of speech: the slowly-varying envelope is enhanced, dominating representation in the auditory pathway and perceptual salience at the cost of the rapidly-varying fine structure. We hypothesized that older adults with hearing loss can be trained to compensate for these changes in central auditory processing through directed attention to behaviorally-relevant speech sounds. To that end, we evaluated the effects of auditory-cognitive training in older adults (ages 55–79) with normal hearing and hearing loss. After training, the auditory training group with hearing loss experienced a reduction in the neural representation of the speech envelope presented in noise, approaching levels observed in normal hearing older adults. No changes were noted in the control group. Importantly, changes in speech processing were accompanied by improvements in speech perception. Thus, central processing deficits associated with hearing loss may be partially remediated with training, resulting in real-life benefits for everyday communication.