Measuring asymmetry from high-density 3D surface scans: An application to human faces
Measuring asymmetry from high-density 3D surface scans: An application to human faces
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0207895
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发表时间：
2018-12-26
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Van Dongen, Stefan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ekrami, Omid;Claes, Peter;Van Dongen, Stefan
完美的双侧对称性是在没有发育干扰的情况下双侧特征发展的最佳结果。在这种完美对称状态下的任何随机扰动都被称为波动不对称（FA）。许多研究都将FA作为发展不稳定性（DI）的指标，并将其与压力和个人素质以及人类的吸引力，健康和男性或女性气质水平联系起来。大多数关于面部不对称性的人类研究都使用2D图片和有限数量的标志。我们开发了一种协议，利用人脸的高密度3D扫描来测量不对称程度。使用迭代最近点（ICP）配准算法将具有成对顶点的完全对称的空间密集人体测量掩模非刚性地映射到目标面部上。使用一组19个手动指示的标志来验证标测精度。该协议的准确性在FA计算进行评估，结果表明，空间密集的方法是更准确的。此外，它还生成整个面部的综合不对称估计。最后，协议的自动性质通过省略在感兴趣的生物结构上手动界标指示的繁琐步骤而提供了很大的优点。
Perfect bilateral symmetry is the optimal outcome of the development of bilateral traits in the absence of developmental perturbations. Any random perturbation in this perfect symmetrical state is called Fluctuating Asymmetry (FA). Many studies have been conducted on FA as an indicator of Developmental Instability (DI) and its possible link with stress and individual quality in general and with attractiveness, health and level of masculinity or femininity in humans. Most human studies of facial asymmetry use 2D pictures and a limited number of landmarks. We developed a protocol to utilize high-density 3D scans of human faces to measure the level of asymmetry. A completely symmetric spatially dense anthropometric mask with paired vertices is non-rigidly mapped on target faces using an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) registration algorithm. A set of 19 manually indicated landmarks were used to validate the mapping precision. The protocol's accuracy in FA calculation is assessed, and results show that a spatially dense approach is more accurate. In addition, it generates an integrated asymmetry estimate across the entire face. Finally, the automatic nature of the protocol provides a great advantage by omitting the tedious step of manual landmark indication on the biological structure of interest.