Tissue interaction in the scaleless mutant and the use of scaleless as an ectodermal marker in studies of normal limb differentiation
Tissue interaction in the scaleless mutant and the use of scaleless as an ectodermal marker in studies of normal limb differentiation
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无鳞突变体中的组织相互作用以及无鳞作为外胚层标记在正常肢体分化研究中的应用
DOI：
10.1002/jez.1401540103
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发表时间：
1963
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
U. Abbott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Goetinck;U. Abbott
最近相当多的注意力已经指向顶端外胚层嵴（AER）在肢体部分的近端-远端分化中的作用。在没有覆盖早期肢芽远端的AER的情况下，没有末端结构发育（Saunders，'48; Amprino和Camosso，' 55 a，B; Zwilling，'49，' 55; Hampk，'56，' 59）。近侧腿中胚层与翅芽的AER直接接触的植入导致具有腿特征的远侧元件的形成（Saunders，Gasseling和凯恩斯，'55，' 59; Saunders，凯恩斯和Gasseling，'57）。在先前裸露的肢体中胚层的每个侧面上移植AER导致发育出重复的肢体（Zwilling，'56 a）。此外，在几种多指突变体中，更广泛的AER覆盖了前肢和后肢芽的远端部分（Zwilling和Hansborough，'56; Abbott，Taylor和Abplanalp，' 60; Goetinck和Abbott）（准备中），而在缺指突变体中减少或不存在（Zwilling，'49，' 56 b）。由于这些实验结果和观察结果，AER被认为是肢体生长的诱导物。虽然Amprino和Camosso（'55 a，B）发现切除AER后没有发生远端生长，但他们报道了如果下面的中胚层的一些细胞层与外胚层一起被去除，则生长量可变。这些作者提出，获得的生长量与远端未确定的中胚层中细胞变性的量成反比，这可能是其暴露于羊水的结果。相应地这个小组不相信AER有一个归纳的
Recently considerable attention has been directed towards the role of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) in the proximo-distal differentiation of limb parts. In the absence of the AER, which caps the distal tip of early limb buds, no terminal structures develop (Saunders,'48; Amprino and Camosso,'55a, b; Zwilling,'49,'55; Hampk,'56,'59). Implantation of proximal leg mesoderm in direct contact with the AER of the wing bud results in the formation of distal elements with leg characteristics (Saunders, Gasseling and Cairns,'55,'59; Saunders, Cairns and Gasseling,'57). Grafts of an AER on each lateral surface of a previously denuded limb mesoblast results in the development of duplicated limbs (Zwilling,'56a). In addition, a more extensive AER covers the distal part of both anterior and posterior limb buds in several polydactylous mutants (Zwilling and Hansborough,'56; Abbott, Taylor and Abplanalp,'60; Goetinck and Abbott)(in preparation) and is reduced or absent in hypodactylous mutants (Zwilling,'49,'56b). Because of these experimental results and observations, the AER has been considered as an inductor of limb outgrowth.While Amprino and Camosso ('55a, b) found that no distal outgrowth occurred after excision of the AER, they reported a variable amount of outgrowth if a few cell layers of underlying mesoderm were removed together with the ectoderm. These authors proposed that the amount of outgrowth obtained is inversely proportional to the amount of cell degeneration in the distal undetermined mesoderm, possibly as a consequence of its exposure to amniotic fluid. Accordingly. this group does not believe that the AER has an inductive