Universal mechanisms of sound production and control in birds and mammals.
Universal mechanisms of sound production and control in birds and mammals.
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms9978
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发表时间：
2015-11-27
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Švec JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elemans CP;Rasmussen JH;Herbst CT;Düring DN;Zollinger SA;Brumm H;Srivastava K;Svane N;Ding M;Larsen ON;Sober SJ;Švec JG
当动物发声时，它们的发声器官将运动指令转化为社会交流的发声。在鸟类中，发声产生和控制的物理机制仍然没有解决，因为在体内测量非常困难。在这里，我们介绍了一种离体制备的鸟类发声器官，允许同时高速成像，肌肉刺激和运动学和声学分析，以揭示在广泛的类群鸟类发声生产的机制。值得注意的是，我们表明，所有测试的物种采用肌弹性空气动力学（MEAD）机制，用于产生人类语音相同的机制。此外，我们显示出大量的冗余在控制关键的声乐参数离体，这表明在体内发声也可能不指定由独特的电机命令。我们认为，这种运动冗余可以帮助声乐学习，是常见的MEAD声音生产在鸟类和哺乳动物，包括人类。 与哺乳动物的喉部不同，鸟类使用一种独特的发声器官，称为鸣管。使用离体制备，Elemans等人表明，尽管存在很大的解剖学差异，但一系列鸟类分类群的声音产生是通过肌弹性空气动力学机制，与人类语言中涉及的机制相同。
As animals vocalize, their vocal organ transforms motor commands into vocalizations for social communication. In birds, the physical mechanisms by which vocalizations are produced and controlled remain unresolved because of the extreme difficulty in obtaining in vivo measurements. Here, we introduce an ex vivo preparation of the avian vocal organ that allows simultaneous high-speed imaging, muscle stimulation and kinematic and acoustic analyses to reveal the mechanisms of vocal production in birds across a wide range of taxa. Remarkably, we show that all species tested employ the myoelastic-aerodynamic (MEAD) mechanism, the same mechanism used to produce human speech. Furthermore, we show substantial redundancy in the control of key vocal parameters ex vivo, suggesting that in vivo vocalizations may also not be specified by unique motor commands. We propose that such motor redundancy can aid vocal learning and is common to MEAD sound production across birds and mammals, including humans. In contrast to the larynx of mammals, birds produce sound using a unique vocal organ called the syrinx. Using ex vivo preparations, Elemans et al. show that, despite large anatomical differences, sound production across a range of avian taxa is via the myoelastic-aerodynamic mechanism, the same mechanism involved in human speech.