Water–energy–greenhouse gas nexus of urban water systems: Review of concepts, state-of-art and methods
Water–energy–greenhouse gas nexus of urban water systems: Review of concepts, state-of-art and methods
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.05.007
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发表时间：
2014-08
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
S. Nair;B. George;H. Malano;M. Arora;B. Nawarathna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Nair;B. George;H. Malano;M. Arora;B. Nawarathna
供水和污水处理服务产生大量的能源和温室气体排放。因此，必须了解水和能源之间的联系，因为它们的供应和需求是密切相关的。本文从“能源换水”的角度对城市背景下与水-能源-温室气体（GHG）关系研究相关的知识缺口进行了文献综述和评估。该审查全面调查了在世界各区域进行的各种研究，重点是城市水系统的个别或多个子系统。本文还分析了分散式水系统和各种水最终用途的能源强度，以及所使用的主要工具和模型。从这次审查中发现的一个主要差距是缺乏一个整体和系统的框架来捕捉综合城市水系统中多种水-能源-温室气体联系的动态，在综合城市水系统中，集中和分散的水系统相结合，以满足不断增加的水需求。确定的其他知识差距是缺乏关于水-能源相互作用的研究、同行评议的论文、数据和信息，同时在供水方面采取了“适合用途的水战略”。最后，在此综述的基础上，我们提出了一个水-能源关系框架来研究“适合目的”的水战略。
Water supply and wastewater services incur a large amount of energy and GHG emissions. It is therefore imperative to understand the link between water and energy as their availability and demand are closely interrelated. This paper presents a literature review and assessment of knowledge gaps related to water–energy–greenhouse gas (GHG) nexus studies in an urban context from an ‘energy for water’ perspective. The review comprehensively surveyed various studies undertaken in various regions of the world and focusing on individual or multiple subsystems of an urban water system. The paper also analyses the energy intensity of decentralized water systems and various water end-uses together with the major tools and models used. A major gap identified from this review is the lack of a holistic and systematic framework to capture the dynamics of multiple water–energy–GHG linkages in an integrated urban water system where centralized and decentralized water systems are combined to meet increased water demand. Other knowledge gaps identified are the absence of studies, peer reviewed papers, data and information on water–energy interactions while adopting a ‘fit for purpose water strategy’ for water supply. Finally, based on this review, we propose a water–energy nexus framework to investigate ‘fit-for-purpose’ water strategy.