Dynamics and associations of microbial community types across the human body.
Dynamics and associations of microbial community types across the human body.
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人类微生物组计划（HMP）的一个主要目标是提供从人体各个部位收集的16S rRNA基因序列的参考集合，这将使微生物学家能够更好地将微生物组的变化与健康变化联系起来。HMP联盟报告了在单一时间点上来自18个身体部位的300名健康成年人的人类微生物组的结构和功能。利用在12 - 18个月期间收集的额外数据，我们使用狄利克雷多项式混合模型将每个身体部位的数据划分为群落类型，并得出了三个重要的观察结果。首先，在几个身体部位，他们婴儿时期是否接受母乳喂养、性别以及教育水平与他们的群落类型之间存在很强的关联。其次，尽管口腔和肠道微生物组的特定分类组成不同，但在这些部位观察到的群落类型彼此具有预测性。最后，在采样期间，口腔内部位的群落类型最不稳定，而阴道和肠道内的群落类型最稳定。我们的结果表明，即使人类微生物组存在相当大的个体内和个体间差异，这种差异也可以被划分为相互具有预测性的群落类型，并且很可能是生活史特征的结果。了解群落类型的多样性以及导致个体具有特定类型或类型改变的机制，将使我们能够利用他们的群落类型来评估疾病风险并实现治疗的个性化。
A primary goal of the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) was to provide a reference collection of 16S rRNA gene sequences collected from sites across the human body that would allow microbiologists to better associate changes in the microbiome with changes in health . The HMP Consortium has reported the structure and function of the human microbiome in 300 healthy adults at 18 body sites from a single time point . Using additional data collected over the course of 12–18 months, we used Dirichlet multinomial mixture models to partition the data into community types for each body site and made three important observations. First, there were strong associations between whether they had been breastfed as an infant, their gender, and their level of education with their community types at several body sites. Second, although the specific taxonomic compositions of the oral and gut microbiomes were different, the community types observed at these sites these sites were predictive of each other. Finally, over the course of the sampling period, the community types from sites within the oral cavity were the least stable, while those in the vagina and gut were the most stable. Our results demonstrate that even with the considerable intra- and inter-personal variation in the human microbiome, this variation can be partitioned into community types that are predictive of each other and are likely the result of life history characteristics. Understanding the diversity of community types and the mechanisms that result in an individual having a particular type or changing types, will allow us to use their community types to assess disease risk and to personalize therapies.