Drosophila oogenesis
Drosophila oogenesis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.011
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发表时间：
2008-12-09
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
St Johnston, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bastock, Rebecca;St Johnston, Daniel
果蝇卵子发生最初是因其在胚胎形成中的作用而被研究的，但后来它已成为研究细胞和发育生物学许多方面的强大模型系统。它的有用性可以部分归因于果蝇作为模型系统的遗传易处理性;然而，它也是这种模式生物发展中最深入和最成功的研究阶段之一。一个干细胞发育成一个成熟的卵子需要几乎所有的细胞过程，可以发生在发展过程中，从细胞周期控制和命运规范细胞极化和上皮形态发生。因此，表面上看起来相对简单的系统可以提供适用于更复杂过程的见解，例如脊椎动物发育和疾病进展。卵巢是雌性果蝇中最大的器官，卵母细胞是最大的细胞;然而，卵巢不是生存所必需的，允许广泛的操作。单个卵巢包含从干细胞到成熟卵子的每个发育阶段，每个卵室包含体细胞和生殖细胞，便于比较。这篇文章的目的是介绍卵子发生的主要事件，并说明这些事件被用于研究细胞行为的关键特征的巧妙方法。
Drosophila oogenesis was initially studied for its role in patterning the embryo, but it has since become a powerful model system for investigating many aspects of cell and developmental biology. Its usefulness can be attributed partly to the genetic tractability of Drosophila as a model system; however, it is also one of the most intensively and successfully studied stages in the development of this model organism. The development of a single stem cell into a mature egg requires almost every cellular process that can occur during development—from cell cycle control and fate specification to cell polarisation and epithelial morphogenesis. Hence a system that appears relatively simple on the surface can provide insights applicable to more complex processes, such as vertebrate development and disease progression.Another useful facet of Drosophila oogenesis is practical. The ovary is the single largest organ in the female fly and the oocyte the single largest cell; however, the ovary is not essential for survival, allowing for extensive manipulation. A single ovary contains every stage of development from stem cell to mature egg, and each egg chamber contains both somatic and germline cells, allowing easy comparison. The aim of this primer is to introduce the main events of oogenesis and illustrate the ingenious ways in which these have been used to study key features of cell behaviour.