History and possible mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the Tibetan Plateau
History and possible mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the Tibetan Plateau
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DOI：
10.1007/s11430-015-5482-x
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发表时间：
2016-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Dongju Zhang;G. Dong;Hui Wang;X. Ren;Pi Ha;M. Qiang;Fahu Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dongju Zhang;G. Dong;Hui Wang;X. Ren;Pi Ha;M. Qiang;Fahu Chen
在过去的几十年里，对高原的考古研究极大地提高了我们对这一主题的理解，并使我们有可能考虑史前人类向该地区迁移的过程和机制。这个过程包括四个阶段。(1)末次冰期气候改善时期（15-11）。(2)全新世早中期（11.6 ~ 6 ka BP），上石器时代的微石器狩猎采集者广泛分布在高原东北部，并向南向高原内部扩散，附近低海拔地区可能发展了谷子农业。(3)在全新世中晚期（6-4 ka BP），新石器时代谷子农民在东北和东南高原地区低海拔河谷中扩散。(4)全新世晚期（4 ~ 2.6 ka BP）。
Prehistoric human history on the Tibetan Plateau is a hotly debated topic. Archaeological research on the plateau during the past few decades has enormously improved our understanding of the topic and makes it possible for us to consider the processes and mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the region. By reviewing the published archaeological research on the Tibetan Plateau, we propose that the first people on the plateau initially spread into the He-Huang region from the Chinese Loess Plateau, and then moved to the low elevation Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and perhaps subsequently to the entire plateau. This process consisted of four stages. (1) During the climatic amelioration of the Last Deglacial period (15–11.6 ka BP), Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers with a developed microlithic technology first spread into the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. (2) In the early-mid Holocene (11.6–6 ka BP), Epipaleolithic microlithic hunter-gatherers were widely distributed on the northeastern plateau and spread southwards to the interior plateau, possibly with millet agriculture developed in the neighboring low elevation regions. (3) In the mid-late Holocene (6–4 ka BP), Neolithic millet farmers spread into low elevation river valleys in the northeastern and southeastern plateau areas. (4) In the late Holocene (4–2.3 ka BP), Bronze Age barley and wheat farmers further settled on the high elevation regions of the Tibetan Plateau, especially after 3.6 ka BP. Finally, we suggest that all of the reported Paleolithic sites earlier than the LGM on the Tibetan Plateau need further examination.