Physical effects of soil drying on roots and crop growth.
Physical effects of soil drying on roots and crop growth.
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DOI：
10.1093/jxb/erp200
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发表时间：
2009-07
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Andrew Peter Whitmore;W. Richard Whalley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Andrew Peter Whitmore;W. Richard Whalley
综述了干旱胁迫对作物根系生长的影响及其性质。干旱是一种复杂的胁迫，通过多种相互作用的方式影响植物的生长。作为回应，生长中的植物能够适应或减轻这些压力的方法有很多。在克服干旱胁迫和提高作物产量方面取得进展的最重要机会是了解和利用植物根系能够最大限度地利用资源的土壤条件。这可能不是直截了当的，因为有多重压力，有时根系的功能相互竞争，而且根据土壤、深度或根系生长阶段的不同，对根系的影响也有很大的不同。土壤中几个过程及其相互作用被忽略了。我们认为，干旱不是一种单一的、简单的压力，寻求适应气候变化的农业实践必须考虑到由缺水引起的压力的多个方面，以及其他相互作用的压力，如热、疾病、土壤强度、低营养状况，甚至缺氧。然而，适应的潜力可能很大。对英国气候变化可能带来的压力变化进行了评估，结果表明，潮湿温暖的冬季对根系生长的影响可能与干燥温暖的夏季一样大。
The nature and effect of the stresses on root growth in crops subject to drying is reviewed. Drought is a complex stress, impacting on plant growth in a number of interacting ways. In response, there are a number of ways in which the growing plant is able to adapt to or alleviate these stresses. It is suggested that the most significant opportunity for progress in overcoming drought stress and increasing crop yields is to understand and exploit the conditions in soil by which plant roots are able to maximize their use of resources. This may not be straightforward, with multiple stresses, sometimes competing functions of roots, and conditions which impact upon roots very differently depending upon what soil, what depth or what stage of growth the root is at. Several processes and the interaction between these processes in soil have been neglected. It is our view that drought is not a single, simple stress and that agronomic practice which seeks to adapt to climate change must take account of the multiple facets of both the stress induced by insufficient water as well as other interacting stresses such as heat, disease, soil strength, low nutrient status, and even hypoxia. The potential for adaptation is probably large, however. The possible changes in stress as a result of the climate change expected under UK conditions are assessed and it appears possible that wet warm winters will impact on root growth as much if not more than dry warm summers.